O Que Significa Aprovar um Delegado?
Aprovar um delegado permite que outro endereço transfira ou queime uma quantidade limitada de tokens de uma token account em nome do proprietário da token account.
Uma token account armazena um delegado atual e uma quantidade delegada por vez. Aprovar um novo delegado substitui o delegado anterior e a quantidade permitida na conta.
Como Aprovar um Delegado
Aprovar um delegado usa a instrução Approve ou ApproveChecked do
Token Program.
Os exemplos abaixo usam ApproveChecked, que exige que o chamador forneça o
mint e os decimais para que a instrução possa verificar o mint esperado e a
precisão do token antes de processar a aprovação.
O proprietário da token account assina a aprovação.
Referência de Código
| Item | Descrição | Token Program | Token Extensions Program |
|---|---|---|---|
Account | O estado da token account armazena o proprietário, o delegado e a quantidade delegada. | Código | Código |
Approve | Uma instrução de aprovação de delegado que registra o delegado e a quantidade permitida para uma token account sem exigir que o chamador forneça o mint ou os decimais. | Código | Código |
ApproveChecked | Uma instrução de aprovação de delegado que exige que o chamador forneça o mint e os decimais e verifica esses valores antes de registrar o delegado e a quantidade permitida. | Código | Código |
process_approve | Lógica compartilhada do processador para aprovação de delegado. | Código | Código |
Typescript
Os exemplos Kit abaixo mostram a abordagem recomendada usando @solana/kit.
Exemplos legados usando @solana/web3.js são incluídos para referência.
Kit
import { generateKeyPairSigner } from "@solana/kit";import { createLocalClient } from "@solana/kit-client-rpc";import {findAssociatedTokenPda,tokenProgram,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token";const client = await createLocalClient().use(tokenProgram());const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const delegate = await generateKeyPairSigner();const [tokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: client.payer.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});const result = await client.token.instructions.approveChecked({source: tokenAccount, // Token account whose delegate approval changes.mint: mint.address, // Mint for the token the delegate may spend.delegate: delegate.address, // Delegate allowed to spend from the token account.owner: client.payer, // Owner approving this delegate change.amount: 25n, // Token amount in base units.decimals: 2 // Decimals defined on the mint account.}).sendTransaction();const tokenAccountData = await client.token.accounts.token.fetch(tokenAccount);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("\nToken Account Address:", tokenAccount);console.log("Token Account:", tokenAccountData.data);console.log("\nDelegate Address:", delegate.address);console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result.context.signature);
Web3.js
import { Connection, Keypair, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } from "@solana/web3.js";import {createAssociatedTokenAccount,approveChecked,createMint,getAccount,mintToChecked,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID} from "@solana/spl-token";const result = await approveChecked(connection, // Connection to the local validator.feePayer, // Account paying transaction fees.mintPubkey, // Mint for the token the delegate may spend.associatedTokenAccount, // Token account whose delegate approval changes.delegate.publicKey, // Delegate allowed to spend from the token account.feePayer, // Owner approving this delegate change.25, // Token amount in base units.2, // Decimals defined on the mint account.[], // Additional multisig signers.{commitment: "confirmed" // Confirmation options for the transaction.},TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Token program to invoke.);const tokenAccountData = await getAccount(connection,associatedTokenAccount,"confirmed",TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);console.log("Mint Address:", mintPubkey.toBase58());console.log("\nAssociated Token Account Address:",associatedTokenAccount.toBase58());console.log("Associated Token Account:", tokenAccountData);console.log("\nDelegate Address:", delegate.publicKey.toBase58());console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;use solana_sdk::{program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},transaction::Transaction,};use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{address::get_associated_token_address, instruction::create_associated_token_account,};use spl_token_interface::{id as token_program_id,instruction::{approve_checked, initialize_mint, mint_to_checked},state::{Account, Mint},};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let delegate = Keypair::new();let approve_amount = 25;let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[approve_checked(&token_program_id(), // Token program to invoke.&associated_token_address, // Token account whose delegate approval changes.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the token the delegate may spend.&delegate.pubkey(), // Delegate allowed to spend from the token account.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Owner approving this delegate change.&[], // Additional multisig signers.approve_amount, // Token amount in base units.decimals, // Decimals defined on the mint account.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],latest_blockhash,);let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;let token_account = client.get_account(&associated_token_address).await?;let token_data = Account::unpack(&token_account.data)?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("\nAssociated Token Account Address: {}",associated_token_address);println!("Associated Token Account: {:#?}", token_data);println!("\nDelegate Address: {}", delegate.pubkey());println!("\nTransaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);Ok(())}
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3import asyncioimport jsonfrom solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClientfrom solders.keypair import Keypairfrom solders.message import Messagefrom solders.pubkey import Pubkeyfrom solders.system_program import create_account, CreateAccountParamsfrom solders.transaction import Transactionfrom spl.token.async_client import AsyncTokenfrom spl.token.instructions import (approve_checked,ApproveCheckedParams,create_associated_token_account,get_associated_token_address,initialize_mint,InitializeMintParams,mint_to_checked,MintToCheckedParams,)from spl.token.constants import MINT_LEN, TOKEN_PROGRAM_IDDECIMALS = 2AMOUNT_TO_MINT = 100AMOUNT_TO_APPROVE = 25async def main():rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")delegate = Keypair()async with rpc:approve_delegate_instruction = approve_checked(ApproveCheckedParams(program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, # Token program to invoke.source=token_account_address, # Token account whose delegate approval changes.mint=mint.pubkey(), # Mint for the token the delegate may spend.delegate=delegate.pubkey(), # Account allowed to spend from the token account.owner=fee_payer.pubkey(), # Account that owns the token account.amount=AMOUNT_TO_APPROVE, # Token amount in base units.decimals=DECIMALS, # Decimals defined on the mint account.))latest_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()transaction = Transaction([fee_payer],Message([approve_delegate_instruction], fee_payer.pubkey()),latest_blockhash.value.blockhash,)result = await rpc.send_transaction(transaction)token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(token_account_address)token_account = {key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else valuefor key, value in token_account_info._asdict().items()}print("Mint Address:", mint.pubkey())print("\nToken Account Address:", token_account_address)print("Token Account:")print(json.dumps(token_account, indent=2))print("\nDelegate Address:", delegate.pubkey())print("\nTransaction Signature:", result.value)if __name__ == "__main__":asyncio.run(main())
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