Criar uma Token Account

O que é uma Token Account?

Uma token account armazena seu saldo de um token específico. Cada token account está associada a exatamente uma mint e rastreia seu saldo de tokens e detalhes adicionais.

Token Account Type

/// Account data.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
pub struct Account {
    /// The mint associated with this account
    pub mint: Pubkey,
    /// The owner of this account.
    pub owner: Pubkey,
    /// The amount of tokens this account holds.
    pub amount: u64,
    /// If `delegate` is `Some` then `delegated_amount` represents
    /// the amount authorized by the delegate
    pub delegate: COption<Pubkey>,
    /// The account's state
    pub state: AccountState,
    /// If `is_native.is_some`, this is a native token, and the value logs the
    /// rent-exempt reserve. An Account is required to be rent-exempt, so
    /// the value is used by the Processor to ensure that wrapped SOL
    /// accounts do not drop below this threshold.
    pub is_native: COption<u64>,
    /// The amount delegated
    pub delegated_amount: u64,
    /// Optional authority to close the account.
    pub close_authority: COption<Pubkey>,
}

Observe que no código-fonte, os desenvolvedores chamam uma Token account de tipo Account. Tanto o Token Program quanto o Token Extensions Program compartilham a mesma implementação base para a Token account.

Para manter tokens, você precisa de uma token account para aquela mint específica. Cada token account rastreia:

Mint: O tipo específico de token que ela mantém
Owner: A autoridade que pode transferir tokens desta conta

Exemplo: USD Coin (USDC)

Endereço da mint: EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v
Token account da Circle: 3emsAVdmGKERbHjmGfQ6oZ1e35dkf5iYcS6U4CPKFVaa
Esta conta mantém apenas tokens USDC
A Circle controla o token através da autoridade proprietária da token account: 7VHUFJHWu2CuExkJcJrzhQPJ2oygupTWkL2A2For4BmE

Você pode ver os detalhes desta token account no Solana Explorer.

Entendendo a Terminologia "Owner"

O termo "owner" pode ser usado em dois contextos diferentes:

Owner da Token Account: A autoridade que pode transferir, queimar ou delegar tokens. Isso é armazenado nos dados da token account.
Program Owner: O programa que possui a conta (sempre o Token Program ou Token Extensions Program para token accounts).

Ao trabalhar com token accounts, "owner" geralmente se refere à autoridade que pode transferir tokens, não ao programa que possui a conta.

O que é uma Associated Token Account?

Uma associated token account (ATA) é a token account padrão para uma carteira manter um token específico. Ela usa um endereço determinístico (PDA) criado pelo Associated Token Program.

Apenas as token accounts criadas pelo Associated Token Program são chamadas de "associated token accounts."

As ATAs usam endereços determinísticos, facilitando a localização da token account de qualquer carteira para um determinado mint. Veja a implementação da derivação aqui.

Associated Token Account Address Derivation

pub fn get_associated_token_address_and_bump_seed_internal(
    wallet_address: &Pubkey,
    token_mint_address: &Pubkey,
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    token_program_id: &Pubkey,
) -> (Pubkey, u8) {
    Pubkey::find_program_address(
        &[
            &wallet_address.to_bytes(), // Owner's public key
            &token_program_id.to_bytes(), // Token Program or Token Extension Program
            &token_mint_address.to_bytes(), // Token mint address
        ],
        program_id, // Associated Token Program ID
    )
}

Para qualquer combinação de carteira e token, existe exatamente um endereço ATA. Isso elimina a necessidade de rastrear manualmente os endereços das token accounts—você sempre pode derivá-los corretamente.

Como o Associated Token Program funciona

O Associated Token Program é um auxiliar que:

Cria token accounts em endereços determinísticos (PDAs)
Faz Cross Program Invocations (CPIs) para o Token Program
Não mantém nenhum estado próprio

As token accounts resultantes são de propriedade do Token Program e usam a estrutura padrão Account.

Como criar uma Token Account

Criar uma token account requer a instrução InitializeAccount. Veja a implementação aqui.

Você precisa de duas instruções para criar uma token account:

System Program: Criar uma conta com espaço alocado para uma token account e transferir a propriedade para o Token Program
Token Program: Inicializar os dados da token account

Typescript

import {
  airdropFactory,
  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
  createTransactionMessage,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  lamports,
  pipe,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners
} from "@solana/kit";
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";
import {
  getInitializeAccount2Instruction,
  getInitializeMintInstruction,
  getMintSize,
  getTokenSize,
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
} from "@solana-program/token";

// Create Connection, local validator in this example
const rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");
const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");

// Get latest blockhash to include in transaction
const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();

// Generate keypairs for fee payer
const feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Fund fee payer
await airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({
  recipientAddress: feePayer.address,
  lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),
  commitment: "confirmed"
});

// Generate keypair to use as address of mint
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
const space = BigInt(getMintSize());

// Get minimum balance for rent exemption
const rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();

// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)
// Invokes the system program
const createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
  payer: feePayer,
  newAccount: mint,
  lamports: rent,
  space,
  programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

// Instruction to initialize mint account data
// Invokes the token program
const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({
  mint: mint.address,
  decimals: 2,
  mintAuthority: feePayer.address
});

const instructions = [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction];

// Create transaction message
const transactionMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }), // Create transaction message
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx), // Set fee payer
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx), // Set transaction blockhash
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx) // Append instructions
);

// Sign transaction message with required signers (fee payer and mint keypair)
const signedTransaction =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTransaction,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);

console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature);

// Generate keypair to use as address of token account
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Get token account size (in bytes)
const tokenAccountSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize());

// Get minimum balance for rent exemption
const tokenAccountRent = await rpc
  .getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenAccountSpace)
  .send();

// Instruction to create new account for token account (token program)
// Invokes the system program
const createTokenAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
  payer: feePayer,
  newAccount: tokenAccount,
  lamports: tokenAccountRent,
  space: tokenAccountSpace,
  programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

// Instruction to initialize token account data
// Invokes the token program
const initializeTokenAccountInstruction = getInitializeAccount2Instruction({
  account: tokenAccount.address,
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address
});

const instructions2 = [
  createTokenAccountInstruction,
  initializeTokenAccountInstruction
];

// Create transaction message for token account creation
const tokenAccountMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }), // Create transaction message
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx), // Set fee payer
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx), // Set transaction blockhash
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions2, tx) // Append instructions
);

// Sign transaction message with required signers (fee payer and token account keypair)
const signedTokenAccountTx =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(tokenAccountMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTokenAccountTx,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature2 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTokenAccountTx);

console.log("Token Account Address:", tokenAccount.address);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature2);

Console

Click to execute the code.

import {
  airdropFactory,
  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
  createTransactionMessage,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  lamports,
  pipe,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners
} from "@solana/kit";
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";
import {
  getInitializeAccount2Instruction,
  getInitializeMintInstruction,
  getMintSize,
  getTokenSize,
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
} from "@solana-program/token";

// Create Connection, local validator in this example
const rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");
const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");

// Get latest blockhash to include in transaction
const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();

// Generate keypairs for fee payer
const feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Fund fee payer
await airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({
  recipientAddress: feePayer.address,
  lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),
  commitment: "confirmed"
});

// Generate keypair to use as address of mint
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
const space = BigInt(getMintSize());

// Get minimum balance for rent exemption
const rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();

// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)
// Invokes the system program
const createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
  payer: feePayer,
  newAccount: mint,
  lamports: rent,
  space,
  programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

// Instruction to initialize mint account data
// Invokes the token program
const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({
  mint: mint.address,
  decimals: 2,
  mintAuthority: feePayer.address
});

const instructions = [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction];

// Create transaction message
const transactionMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }), // Create transaction message
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx), // Set fee payer
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx), // Set transaction blockhash
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx) // Append instructions
);

// Sign transaction message with required signers (fee payer and mint keypair)
const signedTransaction =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTransaction,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);

console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature);

// Generate keypair to use as address of token account
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Get token account size (in bytes)
const tokenAccountSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize());

// Get minimum balance for rent exemption
const tokenAccountRent = await rpc
  .getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenAccountSpace)
  .send();

// Instruction to create new account for token account (token program)
// Invokes the system program
const createTokenAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
  payer: feePayer,
  newAccount: tokenAccount,
  lamports: tokenAccountRent,
  space: tokenAccountSpace,
  programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

// Instruction to initialize token account data
// Invokes the token program
const initializeTokenAccountInstruction = getInitializeAccount2Instruction({
  account: tokenAccount.address,
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address
});

const instructions2 = [
  createTokenAccountInstruction,
  initializeTokenAccountInstruction
];

// Create transaction message for token account creation
const tokenAccountMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }), // Create transaction message
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx), // Set fee payer
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx), // Set transaction blockhash
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions2, tx) // Append instructions
);

// Sign transaction message with required signers (fee payer and token account keypair)
const signedTokenAccountTx =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(tokenAccountMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTokenAccountTx,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature2 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTokenAccountTx);

console.log("Token Account Address:", tokenAccount.address);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature2);

Console

Click to execute the code.

Rust

use anyhow::Result;
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
    program_pack::Pack,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    system_instruction::create_account,
    transaction::Transaction,
};
use spl_token::{
    id as token_program_id,
    instruction::{initialize_account, initialize_mint},
    state::{Account, Mint},
};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create connection to local validator
    let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
    );
    let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;

    // Generate a new keypair for the fee payer
    let fee_payer = Keypair::new();

    // Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payer
    let airdrop_signature = client
        .request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000)
        .await?;
    client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;

    loop {
        let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;
        if confirmed {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Generate keypair to use as address of mint
    let mint = Keypair::new();

    // Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
    let mint_space = Mint::LEN;
    let mint_rent = client
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)
        .await?;

    // Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)
    let create_account_instruction = create_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // payer
        &mint.pubkey(),           // new account (mint)
        mint_rent,                // lamports
        mint_space as u64,        // space
        &token_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Instruction to initialize mint account data
    let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(
        &token_program_id(),
        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // mint authority
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority
        2,                         // decimals
    )?;

    // Create transaction and add instructions
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer, &mint],
        latestBlockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;

    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    // Generate keypair to use as address of token account
    let token_account = Keypair::new();

    // Get token account size (in bytes)
    let token_account_space = Account::LEN;
    let token_account_rent = client
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(token_account_space)
        .await?;

    // Instruction to create new account for token account (token program)
    let create_token_account_instruction = create_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),        // payer
        &token_account.pubkey(),    // new account (token account)
        token_account_rent,         // lamports
        token_account_space as u64, // space
        &token_program_id(),   // program id
    );

    // Instruction to initialize token account data
    let initialize_token_account_instruction = initialize_account(
        &token_program_id(),
        &token_account.pubkey(), // account
        &mint.pubkey(),          // mint
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),     // owner
    )?;

    // Create transaction and add instructions
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[
            create_token_account_instruction,
            initialize_token_account_instruction,
        ],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer, &token_account],
        latestBlockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;

    println!("Token Account Address: {}", token_account.pubkey());
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    Ok(())
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

use anyhow::Result;
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
    program_pack::Pack,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    system_instruction::create_account,
    transaction::Transaction,
};
use spl_token::{
    id as token_program_id,
    instruction::{initialize_account, initialize_mint},
    state::{Account, Mint},
};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create connection to local validator
    let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
    );
    let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;

    // Generate a new keypair for the fee payer
    let fee_payer = Keypair::new();

    // Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payer
    let airdrop_signature = client
        .request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000)
        .await?;
    client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;

    loop {
        let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;
        if confirmed {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Generate keypair to use as address of mint
    let mint = Keypair::new();

    // Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
    let mint_space = Mint::LEN;
    let mint_rent = client
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)
        .await?;

    // Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)
    let create_account_instruction = create_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // payer
        &mint.pubkey(),           // new account (mint)
        mint_rent,                // lamports
        mint_space as u64,        // space
        &token_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Instruction to initialize mint account data
    let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(
        &token_program_id(),
        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // mint authority
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority
        2,                         // decimals
    )?;

    // Create transaction and add instructions
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer, &mint],
        latestBlockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;

    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    // Generate keypair to use as address of token account
    let token_account = Keypair::new();

    // Get token account size (in bytes)
    let token_account_space = Account::LEN;
    let token_account_rent = client
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(token_account_space)
        .await?;

    // Instruction to create new account for token account (token program)
    let create_token_account_instruction = create_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),        // payer
        &token_account.pubkey(),    // new account (token account)
        token_account_rent,         // lamports
        token_account_space as u64, // space
        &token_program_id(),   // program id
    );

    // Instruction to initialize token account data
    let initialize_token_account_instruction = initialize_account(
        &token_program_id(),
        &token_account.pubkey(), // account
        &mint.pubkey(),          // mint
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),     // owner
    )?;

    // Create transaction and add instructions
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[
            create_token_account_instruction,
            initialize_token_account_instruction,
        ],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer, &token_account],
        latestBlockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;

    println!("Token Account Address: {}", token_account.pubkey());
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    Ok(())
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Como criar uma Associated Token Account

Criar uma Associated Token Account (ATA) requer a instrução Create. Veja a implementação aqui.

Esta única instrução lida automaticamente com a criação da token account e sua inicialização através de Cross Program Invocations (CPI).

Typescript

import {
  airdropFactory,
  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
  createTransactionMessage,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  lamports,
  pipe,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners
} from "@solana/kit";
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";
import {
  getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,
  getInitializeMintInstruction,
  getMintSize,
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
  findAssociatedTokenPda
} from "@solana-program/token";

// Create Connection, local validator in this example
const rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");
const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");

// Generate keypairs for fee payer
const feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Fund fee payer
await airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({
  recipientAddress: feePayer.address,
  lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),
  commitment: "confirmed"
});

// Generate keypair to use as address of mint
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
const space = BigInt(getMintSize());

// Get minimum balance for rent exemption
const rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();

// Get latest blockhash to include in transaction
const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();

// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)
// Invokes the system program
const createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
  payer: feePayer,
  newAccount: mint,
  lamports: rent,
  space,
  programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

// Instruction to initialize mint account data
// Invokes the token program
const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({
  mint: mint.address,
  decimals: 2,
  mintAuthority: feePayer.address
});

const instructions = [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction];

// Create transaction message
const transactionMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx)
);

// Sign transaction message with all required signers
const signedTransaction =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTransaction,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);

console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address.toString());
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature);

// Use findAssociatedTokenPda to derive the ATA address
const [associatedTokenAddress] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address,
  tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

console.log(
  "Associated Token Account Address:",
  associatedTokenAddress.toString()
);

// Get a fresh blockhash for the second transaction
const { value: latestBlockhash2 } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();

// Create instruction to create the associated token account
const createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({
  payer: feePayer,
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address
});

// Create transaction message
const transactionMessage2 = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash2, tx),
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions([createAtaInstruction], tx)
);

// Sign transaction message with all required signers
const signedTransaction2 =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage2);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTransaction2,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature2 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction2);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature2);

Console

Click to execute the code.

import {
  airdropFactory,
  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
  createTransactionMessage,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  lamports,
  pipe,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners
} from "@solana/kit";
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";
import {
  getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,
  getInitializeMintInstruction,
  getMintSize,
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
  findAssociatedTokenPda
} from "@solana-program/token";

// Create Connection, local validator in this example
const rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");
const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");

// Generate keypairs for fee payer
const feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Fund fee payer
await airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({
  recipientAddress: feePayer.address,
  lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),
  commitment: "confirmed"
});

// Generate keypair to use as address of mint
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
const space = BigInt(getMintSize());

// Get minimum balance for rent exemption
const rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();

// Get latest blockhash to include in transaction
const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();

// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)
// Invokes the system program
const createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
  payer: feePayer,
  newAccount: mint,
  lamports: rent,
  space,
  programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

// Instruction to initialize mint account data
// Invokes the token program
const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({
  mint: mint.address,
  decimals: 2,
  mintAuthority: feePayer.address
});

const instructions = [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction];

// Create transaction message
const transactionMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx)
);

// Sign transaction message with all required signers
const signedTransaction =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTransaction,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);

console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address.toString());
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature);

// Use findAssociatedTokenPda to derive the ATA address
const [associatedTokenAddress] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address,
  tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

console.log(
  "Associated Token Account Address:",
  associatedTokenAddress.toString()
);

// Get a fresh blockhash for the second transaction
const { value: latestBlockhash2 } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();

// Create instruction to create the associated token account
const createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({
  payer: feePayer,
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address
});

// Create transaction message
const transactionMessage2 = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash2, tx),
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions([createAtaInstruction], tx)
);

// Sign transaction message with all required signers
const signedTransaction2 =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage2);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTransaction2,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature2 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction2);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature2);

Console

Click to execute the code.

Rust

use anyhow::Result;
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
    program_pack::Pack,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    system_instruction::create_account,
    transaction::Transaction,
};
use spl_associated_token_account::{
    get_associated_token_address_with_program_id, instruction::create_associated_token_account,
};
use spl_token::{id as token_program_id, instruction::initialize_mint, state::Mint};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create connection to local validator
    let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
    );
    let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;

    // Generate a new keypair for the fee payer
    let fee_payer = Keypair::new();

    // Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payer
    let airdrop_signature = client
        .request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000)
        .await?;
    client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;

    loop {
        let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;
        if confirmed {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Generate keypair to use as address of mint
    let mint = Keypair::new();

    // Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
    let mint_space = Mint::LEN;
    let mint_rent = client
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)
        .await?;

    // Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)
    let create_account_instruction = create_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // payer
        &mint.pubkey(),           // new account (mint)
        mint_rent,                // lamports
        mint_space as u64,        // space
        &token_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Instruction to initialize mint account data
    let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(
        &token_program_id(),
        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // mint authority
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority
        2,                         // decimals
    )?;

    // Create transaction and add instructions
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer, &mint],
        latestBlockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;

    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    // Get the latest blockhash for the next transaction
    let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;

    // Derive the associated token account address for fee_payer
    let associated_token_account = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // owner
        &mint.pubkey(),           // mint
        &token_program_id(), // program_id
    );

    // Instruction to create associated token account
    let create_ata_instruction = create_associated_token_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // funding address
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // wallet address (owner)
        &mint.pubkey(),           // mint address
        &token_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Create transaction for associated token account creation
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[create_ata_instruction],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer],
        latestBlockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;

    println!(
        "Associated Token Account Address: {}",
        associated_token_account.to_string()
    );
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    Ok(())
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

use anyhow::Result;
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
    program_pack::Pack,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    system_instruction::create_account,
    transaction::Transaction,
};
use spl_associated_token_account::{
    get_associated_token_address_with_program_id, instruction::create_associated_token_account,
};
use spl_token::{id as token_program_id, instruction::initialize_mint, state::Mint};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create connection to local validator
    let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
    );
    let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;

    // Generate a new keypair for the fee payer
    let fee_payer = Keypair::new();

    // Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payer
    let airdrop_signature = client
        .request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000)
        .await?;
    client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;

    loop {
        let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;
        if confirmed {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Generate keypair to use as address of mint
    let mint = Keypair::new();

    // Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
    let mint_space = Mint::LEN;
    let mint_rent = client
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)
        .await?;

    // Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)
    let create_account_instruction = create_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // payer
        &mint.pubkey(),           // new account (mint)
        mint_rent,                // lamports
        mint_space as u64,        // space
        &token_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Instruction to initialize mint account data
    let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(
        &token_program_id(),
        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // mint authority
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority
        2,                         // decimals
    )?;

    // Create transaction and add instructions
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer, &mint],
        latestBlockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;

    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    // Get the latest blockhash for the next transaction
    let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;

    // Derive the associated token account address for fee_payer
    let associated_token_account = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // owner
        &mint.pubkey(),           // mint
        &token_program_id(), // program_id
    );

    // Instruction to create associated token account
    let create_ata_instruction = create_associated_token_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // funding address
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // wallet address (owner)
        &mint.pubkey(),           // mint address
        &token_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Create transaction for associated token account creation
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[create_ata_instruction],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer],
        latestBlockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;

    println!(
        "Associated Token Account Address: {}",
        associated_token_account.to_string()
    );
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    Ok(())
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Python

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import asyncio
from solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClient
from solders.keypair import Keypair
from solders.pubkey import Pubkey
from solders.transaction import VersionedTransaction
from solders.message import MessageV0
from spl.token.instructions import create_associated_token_account, get_associated_token_address
from spl.token.constants import TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID

async def main():
    rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")

    payer = Keypair()
    owner = Keypair()

    # Example mint address (USDC on devnet)
    mint_address = Pubkey.from_string("4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU")

    # Get associated token account address
    associated_token_account = get_associated_token_address(owner.pubkey(), mint_address)

    async with rpc:
        # Get latest blockhash
        recent_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()

        # Create associated token account instruction
        create_token_account_instruction = create_associated_token_account(
            payer=payer.pubkey(),
            owner=owner.pubkey(),
            mint=mint_address,
            token_program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
        )

        # Create message
        message = MessageV0.try_compile(
            payer=payer.pubkey(),
            instructions=[create_token_account_instruction],
            address_lookup_table_accounts=[],
            recent_blockhash=recent_blockhash.value.blockhash
        )

        # Create transaction
        transaction = VersionedTransaction(message, [payer])

        print(f"Payer: {payer.pubkey()}")
        print(f"Owner: {owner.pubkey()}")
        print(f"Associated Token Account: {associated_token_account}")
        print(f"Mint: {mint_address}")
        print(f"Associated token account created successfully")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

Console

Click to execute the code.

Python

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import asyncio
from solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClient
from solders.keypair import Keypair
from solders.pubkey import Pubkey
from solders.transaction import VersionedTransaction
from solders.message import MessageV0
from spl.token.instructions import create_associated_token_account, get_associated_token_address
from spl.token.constants import TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID

async def main():
    rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")

    payer = Keypair()
    owner = Keypair()

    # Example mint address (USDC on devnet)
    mint_address = Pubkey.from_string("4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU")

    # Get associated token account address
    associated_token_account = get_associated_token_address(owner.pubkey(), mint_address)

    async with rpc:
        # Get latest blockhash
        recent_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()

        # Create associated token account instruction
        create_token_account_instruction = create_associated_token_account(
            payer=payer.pubkey(),
            owner=owner.pubkey(),
            mint=mint_address,
            token_program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
        )

        # Create message
        message = MessageV0.try_compile(
            payer=payer.pubkey(),
            instructions=[create_token_account_instruction],
            address_lookup_table_accounts=[],
            recent_blockhash=recent_blockhash.value.blockhash
        )

        # Create transaction
        transaction = VersionedTransaction(message, [payer])

        print(f"Payer: {payer.pubkey()}")
        print(f"Owner: {owner.pubkey()}")
        print(f"Associated Token Account: {associated_token_account}")
        print(f"Mint: {mint_address}")
        print(f"Associated token account created successfully")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

Console

Click to execute the code.

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