Fast path
One roundof stake votes to notarize
Block finalizes immediately.Alpenglow consensus
≈12.8 sec 150 msec
A faster path from transaction to certainty. Follow live Solana activity through streaming, confirmation, and finality.
Explore AlpenglowRPCConnecting— total TPS— non-vote TPSslot —— tx in latest block
Each small cube is one transaction, grouped by its ledger block. The timing control models how many transactions remain in flight at about 12.8 seconds versus 150 milliseconds; incoming mainnet data stays live.
What Alpenglow changes
Consensus, rewritten.
Execution, untouched.
Consensus is how validators agree on which block comes next and when it can no longer be undone. Alpenglow replaces TowerBFT with a faster path to that agreement while leaving the way transactions execute exactly as it is.
- Unchanged
- SVM & programs
- Unchanged
- Transactions & fees
- For users
- No action needed
Phase one · Votor
Votes become certificates.
Validators send votes directly to one another instead of placing vote transactions inside blocks. Those votes combine into a quorum certificate that finalizes a block in one or two rounds.
Alpenglow tolerates 20% malicious stake plus 20% offline stake while still reaching consensus.
80%
Fallback path
Two roundsstake threshold for certificates
A second round finalizes or skips.The rollout
Two protocols. One transition.
- In development
Votor
Replaces TowerBFT voting with direct validator votes and aggregate certificates. This is the phase that targets roughly 150ms finality.
- Follows Votor
Rotor
Follows Votor to replace Turbine's tree-based block propagation with a single relay layer designed to reduce network latency.
What it means for you
The transition by role.
Users
No migration.
Signing, sending, and approving transactions stay the same. Finality simply arrives much sooner.
Developers
Execution stays put.
Apps that only send transactions and read account state need no changes. Block stream consumers should prepare for multiple banks per slot and the new bank_id field.
Validators
Prepare for Votor.
Operators need a registered BLS public key and Agave 4.3 to join Alpenglow consensus.
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