Mint Tokens

How to Mint Tokens

Minting tokens refers to the process of creating new units of a token by invoking the MintTo instruction on a token program. Only the address specified as the mint authority on the mint account can mint new tokens. The instruction also requires the existence of a token account as the destination of the minted tokens.

The Token Program and Token Extension Program share similar implementations to achieve the same functionality.

Typescript

import {
  airdropFactory,
  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
  createTransactionMessage,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  lamports,
  pipe,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
} from "@solana/kit";
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";
import {
  getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,
  getInitializeMintInstruction,
  getMintSize,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
  findAssociatedTokenPda,
  getMintToInstruction,
} from "@solana-program/token-2022";

// Create Connection, local validator in this example
const rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://127.0.0.1:8899");
const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://127.0.0.1:8900");

// Generate keypairs for fee payer
const feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Fund fee payer
await airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({
  recipientAddress: feePayer.address,
  lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),
  commitment: "confirmed",
});

// Generate keypair to use as address of mint
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
const space = BigInt(getMintSize());

// Get minimum balance for rent exemption
const rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();

// Get latest blockhash to include in transaction
const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();

// Instruction to create new account for mint (token 2022 program)
// Invokes the system program
const createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
  payer: feePayer,
  newAccount: mint,
  lamports: rent,
  space,
  programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
});

// Instruction to initialize mint account data
// Invokes the token 2022 program
const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({
  mint: mint.address,
  decimals: 2,
  mintAuthority: feePayer.address,
});

// Create instruction to create the associated token account
const createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({
  payer: feePayer,
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address,
});

const instructions = [
  createAccountInstruction,
  initializeMintInstruction,
  createAtaInstruction,
];

// Create transaction message
const transactionMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx),
);

// Sign transaction message with all required signers
const signedTransaction =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTransaction,
  { commitment: "confirmed" },
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);

// Use findAssociatedTokenPda to derive the ATA address
const [associatedTokenAddress] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address,
  tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
});

console.log(
  "Associated Token Account Address: ",
  associatedTokenAddress.toString(),
);

// Create instruction to mint tokens
const mintToInstruction = getMintToInstruction({
  mint: mint.address,
  token: associatedTokenAddress,
  mintAuthority: feePayer.address,
  amount: 100n, // 1.00 tokens with 2 decimals
});

// Create transaction message for minting tokens
const mintTxMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions([mintToInstruction], tx),
);

// Sign transaction message with all required signers
const signedMintTx = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(mintTxMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedMintTx,
  { commitment: "confirmed" },
);

// Get transaction signature
const mintTxSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedMintTx);

console.log("Successfully minted 1.00 tokens to the associated token account");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", mintTxSignature);

Rust

use anyhow::Result;
use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
    program_pack::Pack,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    system_instruction::create_account,
    transaction::Transaction,
};
use spl_associated_token_account::{
    get_associated_token_address_with_program_id, instruction::create_associated_token_account,
};
use spl_token_2022::{
    id as token_2022_program_id,
    instruction::{initialize_mint, mint_to},
    state::Mint,
};

fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create connection to local validator
    let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
        String::from("http://127.0.0.1:8899"),
        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
    );
    let recent_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;

    // Generate a new keypair for the fee payer
    let fee_payer = Keypair::new();

    // Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payer
    let airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000)?;
    client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature)?;

    loop {
        let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature)?;
        if confirmed {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Generate keypair to use as address of mint
    let mint = Keypair::new();

    // Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
    let mint_space = Mint::LEN;
    let mint_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)?;

    // Instruction to create new account for mint (token 2022 program)
    let create_account_instruction = create_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // payer
        &mint.pubkey(),           // new account (mint)
        mint_rent,                // lamports
        mint_space as u64,        // space
        &token_2022_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Instruction to initialize mint account data
    let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(
        &token_2022_program_id(),
        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // mint authority
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority
        2,                         // decimals
    )?;

    // Calculate the associated token account address for fee_payer
    let associated_token_account = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // owner
        &mint.pubkey(),           // mint
        &token_2022_program_id(), // program_id
    );

    // Instruction to create associated token account
    let create_ata_instruction = create_associated_token_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // funding address
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // wallet address
        &mint.pubkey(),           // mint address
        &token_2022_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Create transaction and add instructions
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[
            create_account_instruction,
            initialize_mint_instruction,
            create_ata_instruction,
        ],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer, &mint],
        recent_blockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction)?;

    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
    println!(
        "Associated Token Account Address: {}",
        associated_token_account
    );
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    // Get the latest blockhash for the mint transaction
    let recent_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;

    // Amount of tokens to mint (1.00 tokens with 2 decimals)
    let amount = 100;

    // Create mint_to instruction to mint tokens to the associated token account
    let mint_to_instruction = mint_to(
        &token_2022_program_id(),
        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint
        &associated_token_account, // destination
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // authority
        &[&fee_payer.pubkey()],    // signer
        amount,                    // amount
    )?;

    // Create transaction for minting tokens
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[mint_to_instruction],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer],
        recent_blockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction)?;

    println!("Successfully minted {} tokens to the associated token account", amount);
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    Ok(())
}

Mint Tokens

How to Mint Tokens

Typescript

Rust

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