Deploying Your First Solana Program

Create Anchor Project

First, open https://beta.solpg.io in a new browser tab.

• Click the "Create a new project" button on the left-side panel.

• Enter a project name, select Anchor as the framework, then click the "Create" button.

New Project

You'll see a new project created with the program code in the src/lib.rs file.

This basic Solana program creates a new account and stores a number in it. The program contains one instruction (initialize) which:

• Requires a data: u64 parameter as input
• Creates a new account
• Saves the value of the data: u64 parameter in the account's data
• Logs a message to the transaction's program logs

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;

// This is your program's public key and it will update
// automatically when you build the project.
declare_id!("11111111111111111111111111111111");

#[program]
mod hello_anchor {
    use super::*;
    pub fn initialize(ctx: Context<Initialize>, data: u64) -> Result<()> {
        ctx.accounts.new_account.data = data;
        msg!("Changed data to: {}!", data); // Message will show up in the tx logs
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Initialize<'info> {
    // We must specify the space in order to initialize an account.
    // First 8 bytes are default account discriminator,
    // next 8 bytes come from NewAccount.data being type u64.
    // (u64 = 64 bits unsigned integer = 8 bytes)
    #[account(
      init,
      payer = signer,
      space = 8 + 8
    )]
    pub new_account: Account<'info, NewAccount>,
    #[account(mut)]
    pub signer: Signer<'info>,
    pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}

#[account]
pub struct NewAccount {
    data: u64
}

Build and Deploy Program

To build the program, simply run build in the terminal. The build command compiles the program. The program bytecode is then stored in an executable program account when deployed.

$ 
build
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[show output]

Solana Playground updates the address in declare_id!(). This address represents your program's on-chain address (program ID).

After building the program, run deploy in the terminal to deploy the program to the network (devnet by default). Program deployment requires allocating SOL to the on-chain account that stores the program.

Before deployment, ensure you have enough SOL. You can get devnet SOL by either running solana airdrop 5 in the Playground terminal or using the Web Faucet.

$ 
deploy
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[show output]

You can also use the Build and Deploy buttons on the left-side panel.

Build and Deploy

After deploying the program, you can call its instructions.

Test Program

// No imports needed: web3, anchor, pg and more are globally available

describe("Test", () => {
  it("initialize", async () => {
    // Generate keypair for the new account
    const newAccountKp = new web3.Keypair();

    // Send transaction
    const data = new BN(42);
    const txHash = await pg.program.methods
      .initialize(data)
      .accounts({
        newAccount: newAccountKp.publicKey,
        signer: pg.wallet.publicKey,
        systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId
      })
      .signers([newAccountKp])
      .rpc();
    console.log(`Use 'solana confirm -v ${txHash}' to see the logs`);

    // Confirm transaction
    await pg.connection.confirmTransaction(txHash);

    // Fetch the created account
    const newAccount = await pg.program.account.newAccount.fetch(
      newAccountKp.publicKey
    );

    console.log("On-chain data is:", newAccount.data.toString());

    // Check whether the data on-chain is equal to local 'data'
    assert(data.eq(newAccount.data));
  });
});

To run the test file after deploying the program, run test in the terminal.

$ 
test
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[show output]

Look for output that confirms the test passed successfully.

You can also use the Test button on the left-side panel.

Run Test

You can then view the transaction logs by running the solana confirm -v command and specifying the transaction hash (signature) from the test output:

$ 
solana confirm -v [TxHash]Copy

For example:

$ 
solana confirm -v 3TewJtiUz1EgtT88pLJHvKFzqrzDNuHVi8CfD2mWmHEBAaMfC5NAaHdmr19qQYfTiBace6XUmADvR4Qrhe8gH5uc
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[show output]

You can also view the transaction details on SolanaFM or Solana Explorer by searching for the transaction signature (hash).

Close Program

Lastly, closing the program allows full recovery of the SOL allocated to the on-chain program.

You can close a program by running the following command and specifying the program address found in declare_id!():

$ 
solana program close [ProgramID]Copy

For example:

$ 
solana program close 2VvQ11q8xrn5tkPNyeraRsPaATdiPx8weLAD8aD4dn2r
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[show output]

Congratulations. You've just built and deployed your first Solana program using the Anchor framework.