转移代币

转账代币的作用是什么?

转账代币是将代币从一个 token account 移动到同一铸币的另一个 token account。

转账不会改变铸币供应量。转账仅更新 token account 之间的余额。

如何转账代币

转账代币使用 Token Program 的 TransferTransferChecked 指令。

下面的示例使用 TransferChecked,它要求调用者提供铸币和小数位数,以便指令在账户之间移动代币之前验证预期的铸币和代币精度。

在 Token Extensions Program 中,Transfer 已弃用,改为使用 TransferCheckedTransferCheckedWithFee

源账户所有者或经批准的委托人签署转账。在 Token Extensions Program 中,如果铸币启用了永久委托扩展,铸币永久委托人也可以授权转账。

源代码参考

项目描述Token ProgramToken Extensions Program
Accounttoken account 状态存储由转账更新的余额。源代码源代码
Transfer一个转账指令,在 token account 之间移动代币,无需调用者提供铸币或小数位数。在 Token Extensions Program 中,请改用 TransferChecked源代码源代码
TransferChecked一个转账指令,要求调用者提供铸币和小数位数,并在同一铸币的 token account 之间移动代币之前检查这些值。源代码源代码
process_transfer代币转账的共享处理器逻辑。源代码源代码

Typescript

以下 Kit 示例展示了使用 @solana/kit 的推荐方法。同时包含使用 @solana/web3.js 的旧版示例以供参考。

Kit

import { generateKeyPairSigner } from "@solana/kit";
import { createLocalClient } from "@solana/kit-client-rpc";
import {
findAssociatedTokenPda,
tokenProgram,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
} from "@solana-program/token";
const client = await createLocalClient()
.use(tokenProgram());
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const result = await client.token.instructions
.transferToATA({
mint: mint.address, // Mint for the token being transferred.
authority: client.payer, // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.
recipient: recipient.address, // Account that owns the destination token account.
amount: 25n, // Token amount in base units.
decimals: 2 // Decimals defined on the mint account.
})
.sendTransaction();
const [sourceTokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
mint: mint.address,
owner: client.payer.address,
tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});
const [destinationTokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
mint: mint.address,
owner: recipient.address,
tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});
const [sourceTokenAccountData, destinationTokenAccountData] =
await client.token.accounts.token.fetchAll([
sourceTokenAccount,
destinationTokenAccount
]);
console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("\nSource Token Account Address:", sourceTokenAccount);
console.log("Source Token Account:", sourceTokenAccountData.data);
console.log("\nDestination Token Account Address:", destinationTokenAccount);
console.log("Destination Token Account:", destinationTokenAccountData.data);
console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result.context.signature);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Web3.js

import { Connection, Keypair, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
createAssociatedTokenAccount,
createMint,
getAccount,
mintToChecked,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
transferChecked
} from "@solana/spl-token";
const result = await transferChecked(
connection, // Connection to the local validator.
feePayer, // Account paying transaction fees.
feePayerATA, // Token account sending the tokens.
mintPubkey, // Mint for the token being transferred.
recipientATA, // Token account receiving the tokens.
feePayer, // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.
25, // Token amount in base units.
2, // Decimals defined on the mint account.
[], // Additional multisig signers.
{
commitment: "confirmed" // Confirmation options for the transaction.
},
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Token program to invoke.
);
const senderTokenAccount = await getAccount(
connection,
feePayerATA,
"confirmed",
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
);
const recipientTokenAccount = await getAccount(
connection,
recipientATA,
"confirmed",
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
);
console.log("Mint Address:", mintPubkey.toBase58());
console.log("\nSource Token Account Address:", feePayerATA.toBase58());
console.log("Source Token Account:", senderTokenAccount);
console.log("\nDestination Token Account Address:", recipientATA.toBase58());
console.log("Destination Token Account:", recipientTokenAccount);
console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Rust

Rust
use anyhow::Result;
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::{
program_pack::Pack,
signature::{Keypair, Signer},
transaction::Transaction,
};
use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;
use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{
address::get_associated_token_address, instruction::create_associated_token_account,
};
use spl_token_interface::{
id as token_program_id,
instruction::{initialize_mint, mint_to_checked, transfer_checked},
state::{Account, Mint},
};
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
);
let recipient = Keypair::new();
let transfer_amount = 25;
let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
&[
transfer_checked(
&token_program_id(), // Token program to invoke.
&source_token_address, // Token account sending the tokens.
&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the token being transferred.
&destination_token_address, // Token account receiving the tokens.
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.
&[], // Additional multisig signers.
transfer_amount, // Token amount in base units.
decimals, // Decimals defined on the mint account.
)?,
],
Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
&[&fee_payer],
latest_blockhash,
);
let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;
let source_token_account = client.get_account(&source_token_address).await?;
let source_token_data = Account::unpack(&source_token_account.data)?;
let destination_token_account = client.get_account(&destination_token_address).await?;
let destination_token_data = Account::unpack(&destination_token_account.data)?;
println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
println!("\nSource Token Account Address: {}", source_token_address);
println!("Source Token Account: {:#?}", source_token_data);
println!(
"\nDestination Token Account Address: {}",
destination_token_address
);
println!("Destination Token Account: {:#?}", destination_token_data);
println!("\nTransaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);
Ok(())
}
Console
Click to execute the code.

Python

Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import asyncio
import json
from solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClient
from solders.keypair import Keypair
from solders.message import Message
from solders.pubkey import Pubkey
from solders.system_program import create_account, CreateAccountParams
from solders.transaction import Transaction
from spl.token.async_client import AsyncToken
from spl.token.instructions import (
create_associated_token_account,
get_associated_token_address,
initialize_mint,
InitializeMintParams,
mint_to_checked,
MintToCheckedParams,
transfer_checked,
TransferCheckedParams,
)
from spl.token.constants import MINT_LEN, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
DECIMALS = 2
AMOUNT_TO_MINT = 100
AMOUNT_TO_TRANSFER = 25
async def main():
rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")
receiver = Keypair()
async with rpc:
transfer_tokens_instruction = transfer_checked(
TransferCheckedParams(
program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, # Token program to invoke.
source=source_token_account, # Token account sending the tokens.
mint=mint.pubkey(), # Mint for the token being transferred.
dest=destination_token_account, # Token account receiving the tokens.
owner=fee_payer.pubkey(), # Account that owns the source token account.
amount=AMOUNT_TO_TRANSFER, # Token amount in base units.
decimals=DECIMALS, # Decimals defined on the mint account.
)
)
latest_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()
transaction = Transaction(
[fee_payer],
Message([transfer_tokens_instruction], fee_payer.pubkey()),
latest_blockhash.value.blockhash,
)
result = await rpc.send_transaction(transaction)
source_token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(source_token_account)
destination_token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(destination_token_account)
source_account = {
key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else value
for key, value in source_token_account_info._asdict().items()
}
destination_account = {
key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else value
for key, value in destination_token_account_info._asdict().items()
}
print("Mint Address:", mint.pubkey())
print("\nSource Token Account Address:", source_token_account)
print("Source Token Account:")
print(json.dumps(source_account, indent=2))
print("\nDestination Token Account Address:", destination_token_account)
print("Destination Token Account:")
print(json.dumps(destination_account, indent=2))
print("\nTransaction Signature:", result.value)
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
Console
Click to execute the code.

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