Program & Konteks

Menghasilkan Tipe Klien dengan declare_program!

Anchor 1.0 memperkenalkan declare_program!, yang membaca IDL program Anda pada waktu kompilasi dan menghasilkan modul client::accounts::* dan client::args::* yang aman terhadap tipe. Ini adalah cara yang direkomendasikan untuk membangun instruksi dalam pengujian.

// At the top of your test file, generate client modules from the IDL
anchor_lang::declare_program!(my_program);

// Now use the generated types:
// my_program::client::accounts::Initialize { ... }
// my_program::client::args::Initialize { ... }
// my_program::MyAccount (for account deserialization)

Jalankan anchor build terlebih dahulu untuk menghasilkan target/idl/my_program.json. declare_program! membaca file ini pada waktu kompilasi. Nama makro harus sesuai dengan nama crate program Anda (snake_case).

Menyiapkan Lingkungan Pengujian

Builder AnchorLiteSVM menyediakan API yang mudah digunakan untuk mengonfigurasi lingkungan pengujian Anda.

Pengaturan Dasar

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair_file, Signer};

anchor_lang::declare_program!(my_program);

#[test]
fn test_basic_setup() {
    // Read the program keypair to get the correct program ID
    let program_keypair = read_keypair_file("target/deploy/my_program-keypair.json").unwrap();

    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::new()
        .deploy_program(
            program_keypair.pubkey(),
            include_bytes!("../target/deploy/my_program.so"),
        )
        .build();

    println!("Program deployed: {}", ctx.program().id());
}

Singkatan untuk Program Tunggal

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair_file, Signer};

#[test]
fn test_single_program() {
    let program_keypair = read_keypair_file("target/deploy/my_program-keypair.json").unwrap();

    // Convenience method for single-program setups
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        program_keypair.pubkey(),
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/my_program.so"),
    );
}

Beberapa Program

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair_file, Signer};

#[test]
fn test_multiple_programs() {
    let program_a_kp = read_keypair_file("target/deploy/program_a-keypair.json").unwrap();
    let program_b_kp = read_keypair_file("target/deploy/program_b-keypair.json").unwrap();

    // Deploy multiple programs — first one becomes the primary (ctx.program_id)
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_programs(&[
        (program_a_kp.pubkey(), include_bytes!("../target/deploy/program_a.so") as &[u8]),
        (program_b_kp.pubkey(), include_bytes!("../target/deploy/program_b.so") as &[u8]),
    ]);

    // Primary program is program_a
    assert_eq!(ctx.program().id(), program_a_kp.pubkey());
}

Payer Kustom

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_signer::Signer;

#[test]
fn test_custom_payer() {
    let custom_payer = Keypair::new();

    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::new()
        .with_payer(custom_payer)
        .deploy_program(PROGRAM_ID, include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"))
        .build();

    println!("Payer: {}", ctx.payer().pubkey());
}

Jika Anda tidak menentukan payer, AnchorLiteSVM secara otomatis membuat dan mendanai satu untuk Anda.

AnchorContext

AnchorContext adalah antarmuka utama untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan pengujian Anda.

Properti Inti

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use solana_signer::Signer;

#[test]
fn test_context_properties() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        PROGRAM_ID,
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"),
    );

    // ctx.svm — direct access to the underlying LiteSVM instance (public field)
    let balance = ctx.svm.get_balance(&some_pubkey);

    // ctx.payer() — the payer keypair
    let payer = ctx.payer();
    println!("Payer pubkey: {}", payer.pubkey());

    // ctx.program() — Program instance for instruction building
    let program = ctx.program();
    println!("Program ID: {}", program.id());

    // ctx.latest_blockhash()
    let blockhash = ctx.latest_blockhash();
}

Membuat Akun yang Didanai

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use anchor_litesvm::TestHelpers;
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_signer::Signer;

#[test]
fn test_create_accounts() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        PROGRAM_ID,
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"),
    );

    // Option 1: via AnchorContext (returns Result<Keypair>)
    let user = ctx.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();

    // Option 2: via ctx.svm with TestHelpers (same result)
    let user2 = ctx.svm.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();

    // Airdrop to an existing address
    let another_user = Keypair::new();
    ctx.airdrop(&another_user.pubkey(), 5_000_000_000).unwrap();
}

Memeriksa Keberadaan Akun

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;

#[test]
fn test_account_exists() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        PROGRAM_ID,
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"),
    );

    let some_pda = ctx.svm.get_pda(&[b"vault"], &PROGRAM_ID);

    if ctx.account_exists(&some_pda) {
        println!("Account exists!");
    } else {
        println!("Account not found");
    }
}

Membangun Instruksi dengan Program

Struct Program menyediakan API yang mudah digunakan untuk membangun instruksi yang mencerminkan anchor-client. Gunakan tipe yang dihasilkan oleh declare_program! untuk keamanan tipe.

Membangun Instruksi Dasar

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use anchor_lang::system_program;
use solana_signer::Signer;

anchor_lang::declare_program!(my_program);

#[test]
fn test_build_instruction() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        PROGRAM_ID,
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/my_program.so"),
    );

    let user = ctx.svm.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();
    let user_pda = ctx.svm.get_pda(&[b"user", user.pubkey().as_ref()], &PROGRAM_ID);

    // Build instruction using types generated by declare_program!
    let ix = ctx.program()
        .accounts(my_program::client::accounts::Initialize {
            user: user.pubkey(),
            user_account: user_pda,
            system_program: system_program::ID,
        })
        .args(my_program::client::args::Initialize {
            name: "test".to_string(),
        })
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    println!("Instruction built successfully!");
}

Metode .accounts() menerima tipe apa pun yang mengimplementasikan ToAccountMetas, yang secara otomatis dilakukan oleh semua struct akun Anchor. Demikian pula, .args() menerima tipe apa pun yang mengimplementasikan InstructionData.

Mengeksekusi Instruksi

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use anchor_lang::system_program;
use solana_signer::Signer;

anchor_lang::declare_program!(my_program);

#[test]
fn test_execute_instruction() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        PROGRAM_ID,
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/my_program.so"),
    );

    let user = ctx.svm.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();
    let user_pda = ctx.svm.get_pda(&[b"user", user.pubkey().as_ref()], &PROGRAM_ID);

    let ix = ctx.program()
        .accounts(my_program::client::accounts::Initialize {
            user: user.pubkey(),
            user_account: user_pda,
            system_program: system_program::ID,
        })
        .args(my_program::client::args::Initialize { name: "test".to_string() })
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    // Execute — returns TransactionResult
    ctx.execute_instruction(ix, &[&user])
        .unwrap()
        .assert_success();
}

Mengeksekusi Beberapa Instruksi

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use solana_signer::Signer;

anchor_lang::declare_program!(my_program);

#[test]
fn test_execute_multiple_instructions() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        PROGRAM_ID,
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/my_program.so"),
    );

    let user = ctx.svm.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();

    let ix1 = ctx.program()
        .accounts(my_program::client::accounts::Initialize { /* ... */ })
        .args(my_program::client::args::Initialize { name: "first".to_string() })
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    let ix2 = ctx.program()
        .accounts(my_program::client::accounts::Update { /* ... */ })
        .args(my_program::client::args::Update { name: "second".to_string() })
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    // Execute multiple instructions in one transaction
    ctx.execute_instructions(vec![ix1, ix2], &[&user])
        .unwrap()
        .assert_success();
}

Menggunakan send_and_confirm_transaction

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use solana_transaction::Transaction;

#[test]
fn test_send_transaction() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        PROGRAM_ID,
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"),
    );

    let user = ctx.svm.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();

    let ix = ctx.program()
        .accounts(/* ... */)
        .args(/* ... */)
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    // Build transaction manually if needed
    let tx = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[ix],
        Some(&ctx.payer().pubkey()),
        &[ctx.payer(), &user],
        ctx.latest_blockhash(),
    );

    // Note: takes &Transaction (reference)
    ctx.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
}

Contoh Lengkap

Berikut adalah contoh komprehensif menggunakan pola escrow dengan declare_program!:

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use anchor_litesvm::{AssertionHelpers, TestHelpers};
use anchor_lang::system_program;
use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair_file, Signer};
use spl_associated_token_account::get_associated_token_address;
use litesvm_token::spl_token;

anchor_lang::declare_program!(anchor_escrow);

#[test]
fn test_make_and_take() {
    // 1. One-line setup
    let program_keypair = read_keypair_file("target/deploy/anchor_escrow-keypair.json").unwrap();
    let program_id = program_keypair.pubkey();

    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        program_id,
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/anchor_escrow.so"),
    );

    // 2. Create test accounts using TestHelpers on ctx.svm
    let maker = ctx.svm.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();
    let taker = ctx.svm.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();

    // 3. Create token mints and funded ATAs
    let mint_a = ctx.svm.create_token_mint(&maker, 9).unwrap();
    let mint_b = ctx.svm.create_token_mint(&maker, 9).unwrap();

    let maker_ata_a = ctx.svm
        .create_associated_token_account(&mint_a.pubkey(), &maker)
        .unwrap();
    ctx.svm.mint_to(&mint_a.pubkey(), &maker_ata_a, &maker, 1_000_000_000).unwrap();

    let taker_ata_b = ctx.svm
        .create_associated_token_account(&mint_b.pubkey(), &taker)
        .unwrap();
    ctx.svm.mint_to(&mint_b.pubkey(), &taker_ata_b, &maker, 500_000_000).unwrap();

    // 4. Derive PDAs
    let seed: u64 = 42;
    let escrow_pda = ctx.svm.get_pda(
        &[b"escrow", maker.pubkey().as_ref(), &seed.to_le_bytes()],
        &program_id,
    );
    let vault = get_associated_token_address(&escrow_pda, &mint_a.pubkey());

    // 5. Build and execute Make instruction using generated client types
    let make_ix = ctx.program()
        .accounts(anchor_escrow::client::accounts::Make {
            maker: maker.pubkey(),
            escrow: escrow_pda,
            mint_a: mint_a.pubkey(),
            mint_b: mint_b.pubkey(),
            maker_ata_a,
            vault,
            associated_token_program: spl_associated_token_account::id(),
            token_program: spl_token::id(),
            system_program: system_program::ID,
        })
        .args(anchor_escrow::client::args::Make {
            seed,
            receive: 500_000_000,
            amount: 1_000_000_000,
        })
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    ctx.execute_instruction(make_ix, &[&maker])
        .unwrap()
        .assert_success();

    // 6. Assert state using AssertionHelpers on ctx.svm
    assert!(ctx.account_exists(&escrow_pda));
    ctx.svm.assert_token_balance(&vault, 1_000_000_000);
    ctx.svm.assert_token_balance(&maker_ata_a, 0);

    // 7. Execute Take
    let taker_ata_a = get_associated_token_address(&taker.pubkey(), &mint_a.pubkey());
    let maker_ata_b = get_associated_token_address(&maker.pubkey(), &mint_b.pubkey());

    let take_ix = ctx.program()
        .accounts(anchor_escrow::client::accounts::Take {
            taker: taker.pubkey(),
            maker: maker.pubkey(),
            escrow: escrow_pda,
            mint_a: mint_a.pubkey(),
            mint_b: mint_b.pubkey(),
            vault,
            taker_ata_a,
            taker_ata_b,
            maker_ata_b,
            associated_token_program: spl_associated_token_account::id(),
            token_program: spl_token::id(),
            system_program: system_program::ID,
        })
        .args(anchor_escrow::client::args::Take {})
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    ctx.execute_instruction(take_ix, &[&taker])
        .unwrap()
        .assert_success();

    // 8. Final assertions
    ctx.svm.assert_account_closed(&escrow_pda);
    ctx.svm.assert_account_closed(&vault);
    ctx.svm.assert_token_balance(&taker_ata_a, 1_000_000_000);
    ctx.svm.assert_token_balance(&maker_ata_b, 500_000_000);
}

Daftar Isi