Accountbeheer

Anchor-accountdiscriminatoren begrijpen

Anchor-programma's voegen een 8-byte discriminator toe aan alle accountgegevens. Deze discriminator is een hash van de naam van het accounttype en wordt gebruikt om te verifiëren dat de accountgegevens overeenkomen met het verwachte type.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Account Data Layout                             │
├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────┤
│ Discriminator  │ Account Fields                 │
│ (8 bytes)      │ (variable size)                │
└────────────────┴────────────────────────────────┘

De anchor-litesvm accounthulpprogramma's verwerken deze discriminator automatisch.

Anchor-accounts ophalen

Eenvoudig accounts ophalen

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;

#[account]
pub struct UserAccount {
    pub name: String,
    pub balance: u64,
    pub authority: Pubkey,
}

#[test]
fn test_fetch_account() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(PROGRAM_ID, include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"));

    let user = ctx.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();

    // ... initialize the account ...

    let (user_pda, _) = Pubkey::find_program_address(
        &[b"user", user.pubkey().as_ref()],
        &PROGRAM_ID,
    );

    // Fetch and deserialize the account
    let account: UserAccount = ctx.get_account(&user_pda).unwrap();

    assert_eq!(account.name, "Alice");
    assert_eq!(account.authority, user.pubkey());
}

get_account<T>() valideert de 8-byte discriminator automatisch om te garanderen dat de accountgegevens overeenkomen met het verwachte type.

Deserialisatie zonder controle

Voor PDA's of aangepaste accountindelingen waarbij discriminatorvalidatie kan mislukken, gebruikt u get_account_unchecked:

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;

#[test]
fn test_fetch_unchecked() {
    let ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(PROGRAM_ID, include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"));

    // Fetch without discriminator validation
    let account: UserAccount = ctx.get_account_unchecked(&some_pda).unwrap();
}

Gebruik get_account_unchecked zorgvuldig. Zonder discriminatorvalidatie kunt u ongeldige gegevens deserialiseren. Gebruik dit alleen als u zeker bent over het accounttype.

De accountmodule rechtstreeks gebruiken

U kunt de accountdeserialisatiefuncties ook rechtstreeks gebruiken:

use anchor_litesvm::{get_anchor_account, get_anchor_account_unchecked};
use litesvm::LiteSVM;

#[test]
fn test_direct_account_fetch() {
    let mut svm = LiteSVM::new();
    // ... setup ...

    // Fetch with discriminator check
    let account: UserAccount = get_anchor_account(&svm, &account_pubkey).unwrap();

    // Fetch without discriminator check
    let account: UserAccount = get_anchor_account_unchecked(&svm, &account_pubkey).unwrap();
}

Accountfouten

De AccountError-enum biedt gedetailleerde foutinformatie:

use anchor_litesvm::AccountError;

#[test]
fn test_handle_errors() {
    let ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(PROGRAM_ID, include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"));

    let result: Result<UserAccount, AccountError> = ctx.get_account(&nonexistent_pubkey);

    match result {
        Ok(account) => println!("Found account: {}", account.name),
        Err(AccountError::AccountNotFound(pubkey)) => {
            println!("Account not found: {}", pubkey);
        }
        Err(AccountError::DiscriminatorMismatch) => {
            println!("Wrong account type!");
        }
        Err(AccountError::DeserializationError(msg)) => {
            println!("Failed to deserialize: {}", msg);
        }
    }
}

Fout	Beschrijving
`AccountNotFound(Pubkey)`	Er bestaat geen account op het opgegeven adres
`DiscriminatorMismatch`	Accountdiscriminator komt niet overeen met het verwachte type
`DeserializationError(String)`	Deserialisatie van accountgegevens mislukt

Werken met meerdere accounttypen

Verschillende accounttypen ophalen

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;

#[account]
pub struct Config {
    pub admin: Pubkey,
    pub fee_bps: u16,
}

#[account]
pub struct UserProfile {
    pub owner: Pubkey,
    pub username: String,
    pub created_at: i64,
}

#[account]
pub struct Order {
    pub user: Pubkey,
    pub amount: u64,
    pub status: OrderStatus,
}

#[derive(AnchorSerialize, AnchorDeserialize, Clone)]
pub enum OrderStatus {
    Pending,
    Completed,
    Cancelled,
}

#[test]
fn test_multiple_account_types() {
    let ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(PROGRAM_ID, include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"));

    // Each account type is deserialized correctly
    let config: Config = ctx.get_account(&config_pda).unwrap();
    let profile: UserProfile = ctx.get_account(&profile_pda).unwrap();
    let order: Order = ctx.get_account(&order_pda).unwrap();

    assert_eq!(config.fee_bps, 100);
    assert_eq!(profile.username, "alice");
    assert!(matches!(order.status, OrderStatus::Pending));
}

Accountbestaan controleren vóór het ophalen

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;

#[test]
fn test_check_before_fetch() {
    let ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(PROGRAM_ID, include_bytes!("../target/deploy/your_program.so"));

    let user_pda = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Check existence first
    if ctx.account_exists(&user_pda) {
        let account: UserAccount = ctx.get_account(&user_pda).unwrap();
        println!("Found: {}", account.name);
    } else {
        println!("Account not initialized yet");
    }
}

Volledig voorbeeld

Hier is een uitgebreid voorbeeld dat accountbeheer demonstreert:

use anchor_litesvm::AnchorLiteSVM;
use anchor_litesvm::TestHelpers;
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;

anchor_lang::declare_program!(counter);

#[test]
fn test_counter_workflow() {
    let mut ctx = AnchorLiteSVM::build_with_program(
        id(),
        include_bytes!("../target/deploy/counter.so"),
    );

    let authority = ctx.svm.create_funded_account(10_000_000_000).unwrap();

    // Derive the counter PDA
    let (counter_pda, bump) = Pubkey::find_program_address(
        &[b"counter", authority.pubkey().as_ref()],
        &id(),
    );

    // Verify counter doesn't exist yet
    assert!(!ctx.account_exists(&counter_pda));

    // Initialize using generated client types
    let init_ix = ctx.program()
        .accounts(counter::client::accounts::Initialize {
            authority: authority.pubkey(),
            counter: counter_pda,
            system_program: anchor_lang::system_program::ID,
        })
        .args(counter::client::args::Initialize {})
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    ctx.execute_instruction(init_ix, &[&authority]).unwrap();

    // Verify counter exists and has correct initial state
    assert!(ctx.account_exists(&counter_pda));
    let counter: counter::Counter = ctx.get_account(&counter_pda).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(counter.count, 0);
    assert_eq!(counter.authority, authority.pubkey());
    assert_eq!(counter.bump, bump);

    // Increment using generated client types
    let increment_ix = ctx.program()
        .accounts(counter::client::accounts::Increment {
            authority: authority.pubkey(),
            counter: counter_pda,
        })
        .args(counter::client::args::Increment {})
        .instruction()
        .unwrap();

    ctx.execute_instruction(increment_ix, &[&authority]).unwrap();

    // Verify incremented
    let counter: counter::Counter = ctx.get_account(&counter_pda).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(counter.count, 1);

    // Increment again
    ctx.execute_instruction(increment_ix.clone(), &[&authority]).unwrap();

    let counter: counter::Counter = ctx.get_account(&counter_pda).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(counter.count, 2);

    println!("Counter test passed! Final count: {}", counter.count);
}

Inhoudsopgave