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Transferir tokens

Como transferir tokens confidencialmente de um token account para outro

Para transferir tokens confidencialmente de um token account para outro, tanto o remetente quanto o destinatário devem ter token accounts configurados com o estado ConfidentialTransferAccount e aprovados para transferências confidenciais. O token account do remetente também deve ter um saldo confidencial disponível para transferir.

Para transferir tokens confidencialmente:

  1. Crie três provas no lado do cliente:

    Prova de Igualdade (CiphertextCommitmentEqualityProofData): Verifica que o novo texto cifrado do saldo disponível após a transferência corresponde ao seu compromisso de Pedersen correspondente, garantindo que o novo saldo disponível da conta de origem seja calculado corretamente como new_balance = current_balance - transfer_amount.

    Prova de Validade do Texto Cifrado (BatchedGroupedCiphertext3HandlesValidityProofData): Verifica que os textos cifrados do valor de transferência são gerados corretamente para todas as três partes (origem, destino e auditor), garantindo que o valor da transferência seja corretamente criptografado sob a chave pública de cada parte.

    Prova de Intervalo (BatchedRangeProofU128Data): Verifica que o novo saldo disponível e o valor de transferência (dividido em bits baixos/altos) são todos não negativos e estão dentro de um intervalo especificado.

  2. Para cada prova:

    • Invoque o programa de prova ZK ElGamal para verificar os dados da prova.
    • Armazene os metadados específicos da prova em uma conta de "estado de contexto" da prova para uso em outras instruções.

  3. Invoque a instrução ConfidentialTransferInstruction::Transfer, fornecendo as contas de estado de contexto das provas.

  4. Feche as contas de estado de contexto das provas para recuperar o SOL usado para criá-las.

O diagrama a seguir mostra as etapas envolvidas na transferência de tokens do token account do remetente para o token account do destinatário.

Transfer Tokens

Instruções Necessárias

Para transferir tokens confidencialmente de um token account para outro, você deve:

  • Gerar uma prova de igualdade, uma prova de validade do texto cifrado e uma prova de intervalo no lado do cliente
  • Invocar o programa de prova Zk ElGamal para verificar as provas e inicializar as contas de "estado de contexto"
  • Invocar a instrução ConfidentialTransferInstruction::Transfer fornecendo as três contas de prova.
  • Fechar as três contas de prova para recuperar o rent.

O exemplo em Rust abaixo gera as provas com o crate spl-token-confidential-transfer-proof-generation, verifica cada uma em uma conta de estado de contexto por meio do programa ZK ElGamal Proof, referencia as três contas na instrução de transferência e as fecha em seguida. O exemplo em TypeScript usa o helper getConfidentialTransferInstructionPlan do @solana-program/token-2022/confidential, que monta as mesmas contas de prova, transferência e fechamento como um plano de instrução de múltiplas transações.

Código de Exemplo

O exemplo a seguir transfere tokens de forma confidencial de uma conta para outra. Ambas as contas já devem estar configuradas para transferências confidenciais, e o remetente deve ter um saldo confidencial disponível.

As transferências confidenciais dependem do programa ZK ElGamal Proof, que está habilitado na mainnet e na devnet. Um solana-test-validator padrão não o habilita, mas um validator local com fork da mainnet, como o Surfpool, sim. Execute o exemplo em um desses ambientes (o código usa a devnet) com um pagador com saldo, e substitua os marcadores pelo seu mint e pelas contas do remetente e destinatário.

Rust



const ZK_PROOF_PROGRAM_ID: Pubkey =

    solana_pubkey::pubkey!("ZkE1Gama1Proof11111111111111111111111111111");



fn main() -> Result<()> {

    let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(

        String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com"),

        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),

    );



    // Sender = fee payer = token account owner. Both the sender and recipient

    // accounts must already be configured for confidential transfers, and the

    // sender must have an available confidential balance (deposit then apply

    // pending balance beforehand).

    let sender = load_keypair()?;

    let amount: u64 = 100;



    // Setup: create confidential accounts and fund the sender.

    let recipient_keypair = Keypair::new();

    let (mint, sender_token_account, recipient_token_account) =

        setup_transfer_accounts(&rpc_client, &sender, &recipient_keypair, amount)?;



    // Read the recipient's ElGamal public key from their confidential account.

    let recipient_acc = rpc_client.get_account(&recipient_token_account)?;

    let recipient_state = StateWithExtensions::<TokenAccount>::unpack(&recipient_acc.data)?;

    let recipient_elgamal_pubkey: ElGamalPubkey = recipient_state

        .get_extension::<ConfidentialTransferAccount>()?

        .elgamal_pubkey

        .try_into()

        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("recipient ElGamal pubkey: {e:?}"))?;



    // Read the optional auditor ElGamal public key from the mint.

    let mint_acc = rpc_client.get_account(&mint)?;

    let mint_state = StateWithExtensions::<Mint>::unpack(&mint_acc.data)?;

    let mint_ext = mint_state.get_extension::<ConfidentialTransferMint>()?;

    let auditor_elgamal_pubkey: Option<ElGamalPubkey> =

        Option::<PodElGamalPubkey>::from(mint_ext.auditor_elgamal_pubkey)

            .map(|pod| {

                ElGamalPubkey::try_from(pod).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("auditor pubkey: {e:?}"))

            })

            .transpose()?;



    // Derive the sender's keys and read their current confidential balance.

    let (sender_elgamal, sender_aes) =

        derive_confidential_keys(&sender, &sender_token_account.to_bytes())

            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("derive confidential keys: {e}"))?;



    let sender_acc = rpc_client.get_account(&sender_token_account)?;

    let sender_state = StateWithExtensions::<TokenAccount>::unpack(&sender_acc.data)?;

    let sender_ext = sender_state.get_extension::<ConfidentialTransferAccount>()?;

    let current_available: ElGamalCiphertext = sender_ext

        .available_balance

        .try_into()

        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("available balance: {e:?}"))?;

    let current_decryptable: AeCiphertext = sender_ext

        .decryptable_available_balance

        .try_into()

        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("decryptable balance: {e:?}"))?;



    // Generate the three transfer proofs (equality, ciphertext-validity, range).

    let proof_data = transfer_split_proof_data(

        &current_available,

        &current_decryptable,

        amount,

        &sender_elgamal,

        &sender_aes,

        &recipient_elgamal_pubkey,

        auditor_elgamal_pubkey.as_ref(),

    )

    .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("transfer_split_proof_data: {e}"))?;



    // Create one context state account per proof, owned by the ZK program.

    let equality_account = Keypair::new();

    let validity_account = Keypair::new();

    let range_account = Keypair::new();

    let equality_size = size_of::<ProofContextState<CiphertextCommitmentEqualityProofContext>>();

    let validity_size =

        size_of::<ProofContextState<BatchedGroupedCiphertext3HandlesValidityProofContext>>();

    let range_size = size_of::<ProofContextState<BatchedRangeProofContext>>();

    let create = |account: &Keypair, space: usize| -> Result<Instruction> {

        Ok(system_instruction::create_account(

            &sender.pubkey(),

            &account.pubkey(),

            rpc_client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space)?,

            space as u64,

            &ZK_PROOF_PROGRAM_ID,

        ))

    };

    let equality_create_ix = create(&equality_account, equality_size)?;

    let validity_create_ix = create(&validity_account, validity_size)?;

    let range_create_ix = create(&range_account, range_size)?;



    // The sender is the context-state authority for all three proof accounts.

    let authority: Address = sender.pubkey().to_bytes().into();

    let equality_verify_ix = ProofInstruction::VerifyCiphertextCommitmentEquality

        .encode_verify_proof(

            Some(ContextStateInfo {

                context_state_account: &Address::from(equality_account.pubkey().to_bytes()),

                context_state_authority: &authority,

            }),

            &proof_data.equality_proof_data,

        );

    let validity_verify_ix = ProofInstruction::VerifyBatchedGroupedCiphertext3HandlesValidity

        .encode_verify_proof(

            Some(ContextStateInfo {

                context_state_account: &Address::from(validity_account.pubkey().to_bytes()),

                context_state_authority: &authority,

            }),

            &proof_data

                .ciphertext_validity_proof_data_with_ciphertext

                .proof_data,

        );

    let range_verify_ix = ProofInstruction::VerifyBatchedRangeProofU128.encode_verify_proof(

        Some(ContextStateInfo {

            context_state_account: &Address::from(range_account.pubkey().to_bytes()),

            context_state_authority: &authority,

        }),

        &proof_data.range_proof_data,

    );



    // Transaction 1: create all three accounts and verify the validity proof.

    send_tx(

        &rpc_client,

        &[

            equality_create_ix,

            validity_create_ix,

            range_create_ix,

            validity_verify_ix,

        ],

        &[&sender, &equality_account, &validity_account, &range_account],

    )?;

    // Transaction 2: verify the range proof (the largest, on its own).

    send_tx(&rpc_client, &[range_verify_ix], &[&sender])?;



    // Compute the sender's new decryptable available balance after the transfer.

    let current_plaintext = current_decryptable

        .decrypt(&sender_aes)

        .context("decrypt available balance")?;

    let new_plaintext = current_plaintext

        .checked_sub(amount)

        .context("insufficient available balance")?;

    let new_decryptable: PodAeCiphertext = sender_aes.encrypt(new_plaintext).into();



    let auditor_lo = proof_data

        .ciphertext_validity_proof_data_with_ciphertext

        .ciphertext_lo;

    let auditor_hi = proof_data

        .ciphertext_validity_proof_data_with_ciphertext

        .ciphertext_hi;



    let transfer_ix = inner_transfer(

        &spl_token_2022::id(),

        &sender_token_account,

        &mint,

        &recipient_token_account,

        &new_decryptable,

        &auditor_lo,

        &auditor_hi,

        &sender.pubkey(),

        &[],

        ProofLocation::ContextStateAccount(&equality_account.pubkey()),

        ProofLocation::ContextStateAccount(&validity_account.pubkey()),

        ProofLocation::ContextStateAccount(&range_account.pubkey()),

    )?;



    // Transaction 3: verify the equality proof, run the transfer, and close the

    // three proof accounts to reclaim their rent.

    let close = |account: &Keypair| {

        close_context_state(

            ContextStateInfo {

                context_state_account: &Address::from(account.pubkey().to_bytes()),

                context_state_authority: &authority,

            },

            &authority,

        )

    };

    let instructions = [

        equality_verify_ix,

        transfer_ix,

        close(&equality_account),

        close(&validity_account),

        close(&range_account),

    ];

    let blockhash = rpc_client.get_latest_blockhash()?;

    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &instructions,

        Some(&sender.pubkey()),

        &[&sender],

        blockhash,

    );

    let signature = rpc_client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction)?;



    println!("Transferred {amount} tokens confidentially: {signature}");

    Ok(())

}

Typescript



const client = await createClient()

  .use(signerFromFile(join(homedir(), ".config/solana/id.json")))

  .use(

    solanaRpc({

      rpcUrl: "https://api.devnet.solana.com",

      maxConcurrency: 1

    })

  )

  // Temporary custom plugin to skip the default compute-budget estimate

  // so proof instructions fit within the transaction message cap.



// The Solana CLI default keypair, used as fee payer, mint authority, and sender.

const owner = client.payer;

const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();

const depositAmount = 100n;

const amount = 25n;

const decimals = 2;



// Setup: create source and destination confidential accounts, then fund source.

const mint = await createConfidentialMint(client, owner, decimals);

const auditorElgamalPubkey = await getAuditorElgamalPubkey(client, mint);

const sourceToken = await createConfidentialTokenAccount(client, owner, mint);

const destinationToken = await createConfidentialTokenAccount(

  client,

  recipient,

  mint

);

await mintPublicTokens(client, owner, mint, sourceToken, depositAmount);

await depositTokens(client, owner, mint, sourceToken, depositAmount, decimals);

await applyPendingBalance(client, owner, mint, sourceToken);



// Derive the sender's recoverable ElGamal and AES keys, bound to (owner, mint).

const { elgamalKeypair: sourceElgamalKeypair, aesKey } =

  await deriveConfidentialKeys(owner, mint);



// The helper reads the recipient key from the destination account; pass the

// configured auditor key so the proof matches the mint configuration.

const sourceTokenAccount = (await fetchToken(client.rpc, sourceToken)).data;

const destinationTokenAccount = (await fetchToken(client.rpc, destinationToken))

  .data;



// Builds the proof context-state accounts, the transfer, and the closes as a

// multi-transaction plan (the three proofs are too large for one transaction).

const plan = await getConfidentialTransferInstructionPlan({

  rpc: client.rpc,

  payer: owner,

  authority: owner,

  mint,

  sourceToken,

  sourceTokenAccount,

  destinationToken,

  destinationTokenAccount,

  auditorElgamalPubkey,

  amount,

  sourceElgamalKeypair,

  aesKey

});



const result = await client.sendTransactions(plan);

const summary = summarizeTransactionPlanResult(result);

const signature =

  summary.successfulTransactions[summary.successfulTransactions.length - 1]

    .context.signature;

console.log(`Transferred ${amount} tokens confidentially: ${signature}`);

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