Documentação SolanaTokens na SolanaExtensõesTransferência confidencial

Transferir Tokens

Como transferir tokens confidencialmente de uma conta de token para outra

Para transferir tokens confidencialmente de uma conta de token para outra, tanto o remetente quanto o destinatário devem ter contas de token configuradas com o estado ConfidentialTransferAccount e aprovadas para transferências confidenciais. A conta de token do remetente também deve ter um saldo confidencial disponível para transferir.

Para transferir tokens confidencialmente:

  1. Crie três provas do lado do cliente:

    Prova de Igualdade (CiphertextCommitmentEqualityProofData): Verifica se o novo texto cifrado do saldo disponível após a transferência corresponde ao seu compromisso Pedersen correspondente, garantindo que o novo saldo disponível da conta de origem seja calculado corretamente como new_balance = current_balance - transfer_amount.

    Prova de Validade do Texto Cifrado (BatchedGroupedCiphertext3HandlesValidityProofData): Verifica se os textos cifrados do valor da transferência são gerados corretamente para todas as três partes (origem, destino e auditor), garantindo que o valor da transferência seja criptografado corretamente sob a chave pública de cada parte.

    Prova de Intervalo (BatchedRangeProofU128Data): Verifica se o novo saldo disponível e o valor da transferência (dividido em bits baixos/altos) são todos não-negativos e dentro de um intervalo especificado.

  2. Para cada prova:

    • Invoque o programa de prova ZK ElGamal para verificar os dados da prova.
    • Armazene os metadados específicos da prova em uma conta de "estado de contexto" de prova para usar em outras instruções.

  3. Invoque a instrução ConfidentialTransferInstruction::Transfer, fornecendo as contas de estado de contexto da prova.

  4. Feche as contas de estado de contexto da prova para recuperar o SOL usado para criá-las.

O diagrama a seguir mostra as etapas envolvidas na transferência de tokens da conta de token de um remetente para a conta de token de um destinatário.

Transfer Tokens

Instruções necessárias

Para transferir tokens confidencialmente de uma conta de token para outra, você deve:

  • Gerar uma prova de igualdade, prova de validade de texto cifrado e prova de intervalo do lado do cliente
  • Invocar o programa de prova Zk ElGamal para verificar as provas e inicializar as contas de "estado de contexto"
  • Invocar a instrução ConfidentialTransferInstruction::Transfer fornecendo as três contas de prova.
  • Fechar as três contas de prova para recuperar o rent.

O crate spl_token_client fornece os seguintes métodos:

  • Método confidential_transfer_create_context_state_account que cria uma conta de prova.
  • Método confidential_transfer_transfer que invoca a instrução Transfer.
  • Método confidential_transfer_close_context_state_account que fecha uma conta de prova.

Código de exemplo

O exemplo a seguir demonstra como transferir tokens confidencialmente entre contas de token.

Para executar o exemplo, inicie um validador local com o Token Extensions Program clonado da mainnet usando o seguinte comando. Você deve ter o Solana CLI instalado para iniciar o validador local.

Terminal
$ 
solana-test-validator --clone-upgradeable-program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -r

No momento da escrita, as Transferências Confidenciais não estão habilitadas no validador local padrão. Você deve clonar o Token Extensions Program da mainnet para executar o código de exemplo.

use anyhow::{Context, Result};

use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;

use solana_sdk::{

    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,

    signature::{Keypair, Signer},

    transaction::Transaction,

};

use spl_associated_token_account::{

    get_associated_token_address_with_program_id, instruction::create_associated_token_account,

};

use spl_token_client::{

    client::{ProgramRpcClient, ProgramRpcClientSendTransaction},

    spl_token_2022::{

        extension::{

            confidential_transfer::{

                account_info::{TransferAccountInfo, WithdrawAccountInfo},

                instruction::{configure_account, PubkeyValidityProofData},

                ConfidentialTransferAccount,

            },

            BaseStateWithExtensions, ExtensionType,

        },

        id as token_2022_program_id,

        instruction::reallocate,

        solana_zk_sdk::encryption::{auth_encryption::*, elgamal::*},

    },

    token::{ExtensionInitializationParams, Token},

};

use spl_token_confidential_transfer_proof_extraction::instruction::{ProofData, ProofLocation};

use spl_token_confidential_transfer_proof_generation::withdraw::WithdrawProofData;

use std::sync::Arc;



#[tokio::main]

async fn main() -> Result<()> {

    // Create connection to local test validator

    let rpc_client = Arc::new(RpcClient::new_with_commitment(

        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),

        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),

    ));



    // Load the default Solana CLI keypair to use as the fee payer

    // This will be the wallet paying for the transaction fees

    // Use Arc to prevent multiple clones of the keypair

    let sender = Arc::new(load_keypair()?);

    println!("Sender: {}", sender.pubkey());



    // Generate a new keypair to use as the address of the token mint

    let mint = Keypair::new();

    println!("Mint keypair generated: {}", mint.pubkey());



    // Set up program client for Token client

    let program_client = ProgramRpcClient::new(rpc_client.clone(), ProgramRpcClientSendTransaction);



    // Number of decimals for the mint

    let decimals = 9;



    // Create a token client for the Token-2022 program

    // This provides high-level methods for token operations

    let token = Token::new(

        Arc::new(program_client),

        &token_2022_program_id(), // Use the Token-2022 program (newer version with extensions)

        &mint.pubkey(),           // Address of the new token mint

        Some(decimals),           // Number of decimal places

        sender.clone(),            // Fee payer for transactions

    );



    // Create extension initialization parameters for the mint

    // The ConfidentialTransferMint extension enables confidential (private) transfers of tokens

    let extension_initialization_params =

        vec![ExtensionInitializationParams::ConfidentialTransferMint {

            authority: Some(sender.pubkey()), // Authority that can modify confidential transfer settings

            auto_approve_new_accounts: true, // Automatically approve new confidential accounts

            auditor_elgamal_pubkey: None,    // None if no auditor

        }];



    // Create and initialize the mint with the ConfidentialTransferMint extension

    // This sends a transaction to create the new token mint

    let transaction_signature = token

        .create_mint(

            &sender.pubkey(),                 // Mint authority - can mint new tokens

            Some(&sender.pubkey()),           // Freeze authority - can freeze token accounts

            extension_initialization_params, // Add the ConfidentialTransferMint extension

            &[&mint],                        // Mint keypair needed as signer

        )

        .await?;



    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());

    println!(

        "Create Mint Transaction Signature: {}",

        transaction_signature

    );



    // ===== Create and configure token account for confidential transfers =====

    println!("\nCreate and Configure Sender Token Account");



    // Get the associated token account address for the owner

    let sender_token_account_pubkey = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(

        &sender.pubkey(),          // Token account owner

        &mint.pubkey(),           // Mint

        &token_2022_program_id(), // Token program ID

    );

    println!("Sender Token Account Address: {}", sender_token_account_pubkey);



    // Step 1: Create the associated token account

    let create_associated_token_account_instruction = create_associated_token_account(

        &sender.pubkey(),          // Funding account

        &sender.pubkey(),          // Token account owner

        &mint.pubkey(),           // Mint

        &token_2022_program_id(), // Token program ID

    );



    // Step 2: Reallocate the token account to include space for the ConfidentialTransferAccount extension

    let reallocate_instruction = reallocate(

        &token_2022_program_id(),                      // Token program ID

        &sender_token_account_pubkey,                         // Token account

        &sender.pubkey(),                               // Payer

        &sender.pubkey(),                               // Token account owner

        &[&sender.pubkey()],                            // Signers

        &[ExtensionType::ConfidentialTransferAccount], // Extension to reallocate space for

    )?;



    // Step 3: Generate the ElGamal keypair and AES key for token account

    let sender_elgamal_keypair = ElGamalKeypair::new_from_signer(&sender, &sender_token_account_pubkey.to_bytes())

        .expect("Failed to create ElGamal keypair");

    let sender_aes_key = AeKey::new_from_signer(&sender, &sender_token_account_pubkey.to_bytes())

        .expect("Failed to create AES key");



    // The maximum number of Deposit and Transfer instructions that can

    // credit pending_balance before the ApplyPendingBalance instruction must be executed

    let maximum_pending_balance_credit_counter = 65536;



    // Initial token balance is 0

    let sender_decryptable_balance = sender_aes_key.encrypt(0);



    // Generate the proof data client-side

    let proof_data = PubkeyValidityProofData::new(&sender_elgamal_keypair)

        .map_err(|_| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to generate proof data"))?;



    // Indicate that proof is included in the same transaction

    let proof_location =

        ProofLocation::InstructionOffset(1.try_into()?, ProofData::InstructionData(&proof_data));



    // Step 4: Create instructions to configure the account for confidential transfers

    let configure_account_instructions = configure_account(

        &token_2022_program_id(),               // Program ID

        &sender_token_account_pubkey,                  // Token account

        &mint.pubkey(),                         // Mint

        &sender_decryptable_balance.into(),            // Initial balance

        maximum_pending_balance_credit_counter, // Maximum pending balance credit counter

        &sender.pubkey(),                        // Token Account Owner

        &[],                                    // Additional signers

        proof_location,                         // Proof location

    )?;



    // Combine all instructions

    let mut instructions = vec![

        create_associated_token_account_instruction,

        reallocate_instruction,

    ];

    instructions.extend(configure_account_instructions);



    // Create and send the transaction

    let recent_blockhash = rpc_client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;

    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &instructions,

        Some(&sender.pubkey()),

        &[&sender],

        recent_blockhash,

    );



    let transaction_signature = rpc_client

        .send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction)

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Create Sender Token Account Transaction Signature: {}",

        transaction_signature

    );



    // Mint some tokens to the newly created token account

    // This gives the account some tokens to work with

    let mint_signature = token

        .mint_to(

            &sender_token_account_pubkey,            // Destination account

            &sender.pubkey(),                  // Mint authority

            100 * 10u64.pow(decimals as u32), // Amount (100 tokens)

            &[&sender],                        // Signers

        )

        .await?;



    println!("Mint Tokens to Sender Token Account Transaction Signature: {}", mint_signature);



    // Deposit the tokens to confidential state

    // This converts public tokens balance to confidential pending balance

    println!("Deposit tokens to confidential state pending balance");

    let deposit_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_deposit(

            &sender_token_account_pubkey,            // The token account

            &sender.pubkey(),                  // Authority (owner) of the account

            100 * 10u64.pow(decimals as u32), // Amount to deposit (100 tokens)

            decimals,                         // Decimals of the token

            &[&sender],                        // Signers (owner must sign)

        )

        .await?;



    println!(

        "Confidential Transfer Deposit Signature: {}",

        deposit_signature

    );



    // Apply the pending balance to available balance

    println!("Apply pending balance to available balance");

    let apply_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_apply_pending_balance(

            &sender_token_account_pubkey,    // The token account

            &sender.pubkey(),          // Authority (owner) of the account

            None,                     // Optional ApplyPendingBalanceAccountInfo, generated if not provided

            sender_elgamal_keypair.secret(), // ElGamal secret k    ey for decryption

            &sender_aes_key,                 // AES key for encryption of balance and transfer amounts

            &[&sender],                // Signers (owner must sign)

        )

        .await?;



    println!("Apply Pending Balance Signature: {}", apply_signature);



    // ===== Withdraw half of the tokens from confidential available balance =====

    println!("\nWithdraw tokens from confidential available balance to public balance");



    // Calculate the withdraw amount (half of the deposited amount)

    let withdraw_amount = 50 * 10u64.pow(decimals as u32); // Half of the 100 tokens deposited



    // Get the token account data to access the confidential transfer extension

    let token_account = token.get_account_info(&sender_token_account_pubkey).await?;



    // Unpack the ConfidentialTransferAccount extension portion of the token account data

    let extension_data = token_account.get_extension::<ConfidentialTransferAccount>()?;



    // Confidential Transfer extension information needed to construct a `Withdraw` instruction

    let withdraw_account_info = WithdrawAccountInfo::new(extension_data);



    // Create keypairs for the proof accounts

    let equality_proof_context_state_keypair = Keypair::new();

    let equality_proof_context_state_pubkey = equality_proof_context_state_keypair.pubkey();

    let range_proof_context_state_keypair = Keypair::new();

    let range_proof_context_state_pubkey = range_proof_context_state_keypair.pubkey();



    // Create a withdraw proof data

    let WithdrawProofData {

        equality_proof_data,

        range_proof_data,

    } = withdraw_account_info.generate_proof_data(

        withdraw_amount,  // Amount to withdraw from confidential available balance

        &sender_elgamal_keypair, // ElGamal keypair for encryption

        &sender_aes_key,         // AES key for encryption

    )?;



    // Generate the equality proof account

    println!("Creating equality proof context state account...");

    let equality_proof_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_create_context_state_account(

            &equality_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Public key of the new equality proof context state account

            &sender.pubkey(), // Authority that can close the context state account

            &equality_proof_data, // Proof data for the equality proof verification

            false, // False: combine account creation and proof verification in one transaction

            &[&equality_proof_context_state_keypair], // Signer for the new account

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Equality Proof Context State Account Signature: {}",

        equality_proof_signature

    );



    // Generate the range proof account

    println!("Creating range proof context state account...");

    let range_proof_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_create_context_state_account(

            &range_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Public key of the new range proof context state account

            &sender.pubkey(),                   // Authority that can close the context state account

            &range_proof_data,                 // Proof data for the range proof verification

            true, // True: split account creation and proof verification into separate transactions (for large proofs)

            &[&range_proof_context_state_keypair], // Signer for the new account

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Range Proof Context State Account Signature: {}",

        range_proof_signature

    );



    // Perform the withdrawal

    println!("Executing withdrawal transaction...");

    let withdraw_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_withdraw(

            &sender_token_account_pubkey, // Token account to withdraw from

            &sender.pubkey(),       // Owner of the token account

            Some(&spl_token_client::token::ProofAccount::ContextAccount(

                equality_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Reference to the equality proof account

            )),

            Some(&spl_token_client::token::ProofAccount::ContextAccount(

                range_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Reference to the range proof account

            )),

            withdraw_amount,             // Amount to withdraw from confidential available balance

            decimals,                    // Decimal precision of the token

            Some(withdraw_account_info), // Data from confidential transfer extension for proof verification

            &sender_elgamal_keypair, // ElGamal keypair for encryption

            &sender_aes_key,         // AES key for encryption

            &[&sender],        // Owner must sign the transaction

        )

        .await?;

    println!("Withdraw Transaction Signature: {}", withdraw_signature);



    // Close the context state accounts to recover rent

    println!("Closing equality proof context state account...");

    let close_equality_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_close_context_state_account(

            &equality_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Equality proof context state account to close

            &sender_token_account_pubkey,                // Account that will receive the lamports

            &sender.pubkey(),                      // Authority allowed to close the account

            &[&sender],                            // Authority must sign

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Close Equality Proof Account Signature: {}",

        close_equality_signature

    );



    println!("Closing range proof context state account...");

    let close_range_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_close_context_state_account(

            &range_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Range proof context state account to close

            &sender_token_account_pubkey,             // Account that will receive the lamports

            &sender.pubkey(),                   // Authority allowed to close the account

            &[&sender],                         // Authority must sign

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Close Range Proof Account Signature: {}",

        close_range_signature

    );



    // ===== Create a recipient token account for confidential transfers =====

    println!("\nCreate Recipient Token Account");



    // Create a new keypair to use as the recipient account owner

    let recipient = Keypair::new();

    println!("Recipient: {}", recipient.pubkey());



    // Fund the recipient account with SOL for transaction fees

    let fund_signature = rpc_client

        .send_and_confirm_transaction(&Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

            &[solana_sdk::system_instruction::transfer(

                &sender.pubkey(),

                &recipient.pubkey(),

                1_000_000_000, // 1 SOL

            )],

            Some(&sender.pubkey()),

            &[&sender],

            rpc_client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,

        ))

        .await?;

    println!("Fund Recipient Signature: {}", fund_signature);



    // Get the associated token account address for the recipient owner

    let recipient_token_account_pubkey = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(

        &recipient.pubkey(),   // Token account owner

        &mint.pubkey(),           // Same mint as before

        &token_2022_program_id(), // Token program ID

    );

    println!(

        "Recipient Token Account Address: {}",

        recipient_token_account_pubkey

    );



    // Step 1: Create the associated token account

    let create_associated_token_account_instruction = create_associated_token_account(

        &recipient.pubkey(),          // Funding account

        &recipient.pubkey(),   // Token account owner

        &mint.pubkey(),           // Mint

        &token_2022_program_id(), // Token program ID

    );



    // Step 2: Reallocate the token account to include space for the ConfidentialTransferAccount extension

    let reallocate_instruction = reallocate(

        &token_2022_program_id(),                      // Token program ID

        &recipient_token_account_pubkey,                  // Token account

        &recipient.pubkey(),                               // Payer

        &recipient.pubkey(),                        // Token account owner

        &[&recipient.pubkey()],                     // Signers

        &[ExtensionType::ConfidentialTransferAccount], // Extension to reallocate space for

    )?;



    // Step 3: Generate the ElGamal keypair and AES key for recipient token account

    let recipient_elgamal_keypair =

        ElGamalKeypair::new_from_signer(&recipient, &recipient_token_account_pubkey.to_bytes())

            .expect("Failed to create ElGamal keypair");



    let recipient_aes_key =

        AeKey::new_from_signer(&recipient, &recipient_token_account_pubkey.to_bytes())

            .expect("Failed to create AES key");



    // Maximum pending balance credit counter, same as before

    let maximum_pending_balance_credit_counter = 65536;



    // Initial token balance is 0

    let decryptable_balance = recipient_aes_key.encrypt(0);



    // Generate the proof data client-side

    let proof_data = PubkeyValidityProofData::new(&recipient_elgamal_keypair)

        .map_err(|_| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to generate proof data"))?;



    // Indicate that proof is included in the same transaction

    let proof_location =

        ProofLocation::InstructionOffset(1.try_into()?, ProofData::InstructionData(&proof_data));



    // Step 4: Create instructions to configure the account for confidential transfers

    let configure_account_instructions = configure_account(

        &token_2022_program_id(),               // Program ID

        &recipient_token_account_pubkey,           // Token account

        &mint.pubkey(),                         // Mint

        &decryptable_balance.into(),            // Initial balance

        maximum_pending_balance_credit_counter, // Maximum pending balance credit counter

        &recipient.pubkey(),                 // Token Account Owner

        &[],                                    // Additional signers

        proof_location,                         // Proof location

    )?;



    // Combine all instructions

    let mut instructions = vec![

        create_associated_token_account_instruction,

        reallocate_instruction,

    ];

    instructions.extend(configure_account_instructions);



    // Create and send the transaction

    let recent_blockhash = rpc_client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;

    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &instructions,

        Some(&recipient.pubkey()),

        &[&recipient],

        recent_blockhash,

    );



    let transaction_signature = rpc_client

        .send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction)

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Create Recipient Token Account Transaction Signature: {}",

        transaction_signature

    );



    // ===== Perform a confidential transfer from sender account to recipient account =====

    println!("\nPerform Confidential Transfer");



    let transfer_amount = 25 * 10u64.pow(decimals as u32); // Transfer 25 tokens



    // Get the token account data to access the confidential transfer extension state

    let token_account = token.get_account_info(&sender_token_account_pubkey).await?;

    let extension_data = token_account.get_extension::<ConfidentialTransferAccount>()?;



    // Create TransferAccountInfo from the extension data

    let transfer_account_info = TransferAccountInfo::new(extension_data);



    // Generate the proof data for the transfer

    let transfer_proof_data = transfer_account_info.generate_split_transfer_proof_data(

        transfer_amount,

        &sender_elgamal_keypair,

        &sender_aes_key,

        recipient_elgamal_keypair.pubkey(),

        None, // auditor ElGamal public key (none if no auditor)

    )?;



    // Create proof context accounts

    let equality_proof_context_state_keypair = Keypair::new();

    let equality_proof_context_state_pubkey = equality_proof_context_state_keypair.pubkey();



    let ciphertext_validity_proof_context_state_keypair = Keypair::new();

    let ciphertext_validity_proof_context_state_pubkey =

        ciphertext_validity_proof_context_state_keypair.pubkey();



    let range_proof_context_state_keypair = Keypair::new();

    let range_proof_context_state_pubkey = range_proof_context_state_keypair.pubkey();



    // Create context state account for equality proof

    println!("Creating equality proof context state account for transfer...");

    let equality_proof_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_create_context_state_account(

            &equality_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Public key of the new equality proof context state account

            &sender.pubkey(), // Authority that can close the context state account

            &transfer_proof_data.equality_proof_data, // Proof data for the equality proof verification

            false, // False: combine account creation and proof verification in one transaction

            &[&equality_proof_context_state_keypair], // Signer for the new account

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Transfer Equality Proof Account Signature: {}",

        equality_proof_signature

    );



    // Create context state account for ciphertext validity proof

    println!("Creating ciphertext validity proof context state account...");

    let ciphertext_proof_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_create_context_state_account(

            &ciphertext_validity_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Public key of the new ciphertext validity proof context state account

            &sender.pubkey(), // Authority that can close the context state account

            &transfer_proof_data

                .ciphertext_validity_proof_data_with_ciphertext

                .proof_data, // Proof data for the ciphertext validity proof verification

            false, // False: combine account creation and proof verification in one transaction

            &[&ciphertext_validity_proof_context_state_keypair], // Signer for the new account

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Ciphertext Validity Proof Account Signature: {}",

        ciphertext_proof_signature

    );



    // Create context state account for range proof

    println!("Creating range proof context state account...");

    let range_proof_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_create_context_state_account(

            &range_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Public key of the new range proof context state account

            &sender.pubkey(),                   // Authority that can close the context state account

            &transfer_proof_data.range_proof_data, // Proof data for the range proof verification

            true, // True: split account creation and proof verification into separate transactions (for large proofs)

            &[&range_proof_context_state_keypair], // Signer for the new account

        )

        .await?;

    println!("Range Proof Account Signature: {}", range_proof_signature);



    // Execute the confidential transfer

    println!("Executing confidential transfer transaction...");

    // Create a ProofAccountWithCiphertext for the ciphertext validity proof

    let ciphertext_validity_proof_account_with_ciphertext =

        spl_token_client::token::ProofAccountWithCiphertext {

            proof_account: spl_token_client::token::ProofAccount::ContextAccount(

                ciphertext_validity_proof_context_state_pubkey,

            ),

            ciphertext_lo: transfer_proof_data

                .ciphertext_validity_proof_data_with_ciphertext

                .ciphertext_lo,

            ciphertext_hi: transfer_proof_data

                .ciphertext_validity_proof_data_with_ciphertext

                .ciphertext_hi,

        };



    let transfer_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_transfer(

            &sender_token_account_pubkey,        // Source account

            &recipient_token_account_pubkey, // Destination account

            &sender.pubkey(),              // Authority (owner) of source account

            Some(&spl_token_client::token::ProofAccount::ContextAccount(

                equality_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Reference to the equality proof account

            )),

            Some(&ciphertext_validity_proof_account_with_ciphertext),

            Some(&spl_token_client::token::ProofAccount::ContextAccount(

                range_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Reference to the range proof account

            )),

            transfer_amount,                 // Amount to transfer

            None,                            // Custom data for verification (optional)

            &sender_elgamal_keypair,                // ElGamal keypair for source account

            &sender_aes_key,                        // AES key for source account

            recipient_elgamal_keypair.pubkey(), // ElGamal public key of destination account

            None,                            // Auditor ElGamal public key (none if no auditor)

            &[&sender],                       // Signers

        )

        .await?;

    println!("Confidential Transfer Signature: {}", transfer_signature);



    // Apply pending balance on the recipient account to make transferred funds available

    println!("Applying pending balance on recipient account...");

    let apply_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_apply_pending_balance(

            &recipient_token_account_pubkey,    // The token account

            &recipient.pubkey(),          // Authority (owner) of the account

            None,                            // Optional new decryptable available balance

            recipient_elgamal_keypair.secret(), // ElGamal secret key for encryption

            &recipient_aes_key,                 // AES key for encryption

            &[&recipient],                // Signers (owner must sign)

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Recipient Account Apply Pending Balance Signature: {}",

        apply_signature

    );



    // Close the context state accounts to recover rent

    println!("Closing equality proof context state account...");

    let close_equality_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_close_context_state_account(

            &equality_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Equality proof context state account to close

            &sender_token_account_pubkey,                // Account that will receive the lamports

            &sender.pubkey(),                      // Authority allowed to close the account

            &[&sender],                            // Authority must sign

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Close Transfer Equality Proof Account Signature: {}",

        close_equality_signature

    );



    println!("Closing ciphertext validity proof context state account...");

    let close_ciphertext_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_close_context_state_account(

            &ciphertext_validity_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Ciphertext validity proof context state account to close

            &sender_token_account_pubkey, // Account that will receive the lamports

            &sender.pubkey(),       // Authority allowed to close the account

            &[&sender],             // Authority must sign

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Close Ciphertext Validity Proof Account Signature: {}",

        close_ciphertext_signature

    );



    println!("Closing range proof context state account...");

    let close_range_signature = token

        .confidential_transfer_close_context_state_account(

            &range_proof_context_state_pubkey, // Range proof context state account to close

            &sender_token_account_pubkey,             // Account that will receive the lamports

            &sender.pubkey(),                   // Authority allowed to close the account

            &[&sender],                         // Authority must sign

        )

        .await?;

    println!(

        "Close Range Proof Account Signature: {}",

        close_range_signature

    );



    println!("\nConfidential transfer completed successfully!");

    println!("Sender Token Account: {}", sender_token_account_pubkey);

    println!(

        "Recipient Token Account: {}",

        recipient_token_account_pubkey

    );



    Ok(())

}



// Load the keypair from the default Solana CLI keypair path (~/.config/solana/id.json)

// This enables using the same wallet as the Solana CLI tools

fn load_keypair() -> Result<Keypair> {

    // Get the default keypair path

    let keypair_path = dirs::home_dir()

        .context("Could not find home directory")?

        .join(".config/solana/id.json");



    // Read the keypair file directly into bytes using serde_json

    // The keypair file is a JSON array of bytes

    let file = std::fs::File::open(&keypair_path)?;

    let keypair_bytes: Vec<u8> = serde_json::from_reader(file)?;



    // Create keypair from the loaded bytes

    // This converts the byte array into a keypair

    let keypair = Keypair::from_bytes(&keypair_bytes)?;



    Ok(keypair)

}
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