Chủ sở hữu bất biến

Immutable Owner Là Gì?

Tiện ích mở rộng tài khoản ImmutableOwner của Token Extensions Program làm cho chủ sở hữu của token account trở nên cố định.

Sau khi token account được khởi tạo với ImmutableOwner, các lệnh SetAuthority sau đó không thể thay đổi quyền hạn AccountOwner của nó.

Associated Token Accounts

Associated token accounts được tạo thông qua Associated Token Program cho Token Extensions Program sẽ tự động khởi tạo ImmutableOwner trên token account.

Cách Khởi Tạo Tài Khoản Immutable Owner

Để khởi tạo tài khoản immutable owner:

  1. Tạo và khởi tạo một mint.
  2. Tạo token account với đủ không gian cho ImmutableOwner.
  3. Khởi tạo ImmutableOwner trên token account trước khi thực hiện InitializeAccount.
  4. Việc thử thay đổi chủ sở hữu tài khoản sau đó bằng SetAuthority sẽ thất bại với lỗi TokenError::ImmutableOwner.

Tính toán kích thước token account

Tính toán kích thước token account cho token account cơ bản cộng với tiện ích mở rộng ImmutableOwner. Đây là kích thước được sử dụng trong CreateAccount.

Tính toán rent

Tính toán rent sử dụng kích thước token account cần thiết cho tiện ích mở rộng ImmutableOwner.

Tạo token account

Tạo token account với không gian và lamports đã được tính toán.

Khởi tạo ImmutableOwner

Khởi tạo phần mở rộng ImmutableOwner trên token account.

Khởi tạo token account

Khởi tạo token account với InitializeAccount trong cùng một giao dịch.

Tính toán kích thước token account

Tính toán kích thước token account cho token account cơ bản cộng với tiện ích mở rộng ImmutableOwner. Đây là kích thước được sử dụng trong CreateAccount.

Tính toán rent

Tính toán rent sử dụng kích thước token account cần thiết cho tiện ích mở rộng ImmutableOwner.

Tạo token account

Tạo token account với không gian và lamports đã được tính toán.

Khởi tạo ImmutableOwner

Khởi tạo phần mở rộng ImmutableOwner trên token account.

Khởi tạo token account

Khởi tạo token account với InitializeAccount trong cùng một giao dịch.

Example
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: mint,
lamports: mintRent,
space: mintSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address,
decimals: 0,
mintAuthority: client.payer.address,
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));

Thứ tự lệnh

InitializeImmutableOwner phải được thực hiện trước InitializeAccount. CreateAccount, InitializeImmutableOwner, và InitializeAccount phải được bao gồm trong cùng một giao dịch.

Tham khảo nguồn

MụcMô tảNguồn
ImmutableOwnerPhần mở rộng tài khoản đánh dấu chủ sở hữu token account là bất biến.Nguồn
InitializeImmutableOwnerLệnh khởi tạo phần mở rộng immutable-owner trên token account chưa được khởi tạo.Nguồn
process_initialize_immutable_ownerXử lý logic để cấp phát và khởi tạo ImmutableOwner trên tài khoản.Nguồn
SetAuthorityLệnh token cơ bản được sử dụng để thay đổi quyền, bao gồm chủ sở hữu token account.Nguồn
process_set_authorityXử lý logic từ chối thay đổi chủ sở hữu khi token account đã bật ImmutableOwner.Nguồn

Typescript

Ví dụ Kit dưới đây sử dụng trực tiếp các lệnh đã được tạo. Các ví dụ cũ sử dụng @solana/web3.js@solana/spl-token được đính kèm để tham khảo.

Kit

Instructions
import {
lamports,
createClient,
generateKeyPairSigner,
unwrapOption
} from "@solana/kit";
import { solanaRpc, rpcAirdrop } from "@solana/kit-plugin-rpc";
import { generatedPayer, airdropPayer } from "@solana/kit-plugin-signer";
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";
import {
AuthorityType,
extension,
fetchToken,
getInitializeAccountInstruction,
getInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction,
getInitializeMintInstruction,
getMintSize,
getSetAuthorityInstruction,
getTokenSize,
isExtension,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
} from "@solana-program/token-2022";
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const newOwner = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer, // Account funding the new mint account.
newAccount: mint, // New mint account to create.
lamports: mintRent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.
space: mintSpace, // Account size in bytes for the mint.
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS // Program that owns the mint account.
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address, // Mint account to initialize.
decimals: 0, // Number of decimals for the token.
mintAuthority: client.payer.address, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));
const tokenRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer, // Account funding the new token account.
newAccount: tokenAccount, // New token account to create.
lamports: tokenRent, // Lamports funding the token account rent.
space: tokenSpace, // Account size in bytes for the token account plus ImmutableOwner.
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS // Program that owns the token account.
}),
getInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction({
account: tokenAccount.address // Token account that stores the ImmutableOwner extension.
}),
getInitializeAccountInstruction({
account: tokenAccount.address, // Token account to initialize.
mint: mint.address, // Mint for the token account.
owner: client.payer.address // Owner of the token account.
})
]);
let failure: string | undefined;
try {
await client.sendTransaction([
getSetAuthorityInstruction({
owned: tokenAccount.address, // Token account whose authority is being updated.
owner: client.payer, // Current token account owner signing the instruction.
authorityType: AuthorityType.AccountOwner, // Account authority field to change.
newAuthority: newOwner.address // New token account owner to set.
})
]);
} catch (error) {
failure = String(error);
}
if (!failure) {
throw new Error("Expected the owner change to fail");
}
const token = await fetchToken(client.rpc, tokenAccount.address);
const immutableOwnerExtensionState = (
unwrapOption(token.data.extensions) ?? []
).find((item) => isExtension("ImmutableOwner", item));
console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Token Account:", tokenAccount.address);
console.log("ImmutableOwner Extension:", immutableOwnerExtensionState);
console.log("SetAuthority Failure:", failure);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Web3.js

Instructions
import {
Connection,
Keypair,
sendAndConfirmTransaction,
SystemProgram,
Transaction,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
AuthorityType,
createInitializeMintInstruction,
createInitializeAccountInstruction,
createInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction,
createSetAuthorityInstruction,
ExtensionType,
getAccount,
getAccountLen,
getImmutableOwner,
getMintLen,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
} from "@solana/spl-token";
const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");
const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
const newOwner = Keypair.generate();
const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
feePayer.publicKey,
5 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
const latestBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
await connection.confirmTransaction({
blockhash: latestBlockhash.blockhash,
lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockhash.lastValidBlockHeight,
signature: airdropSignature
});
const mint = Keypair.generate();
const mintLength = getMintLen([]);
const mintRent = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLength);
const extensions = [ExtensionType.ImmutableOwner];
const tokenAccount = new Keypair();
const tokenAccountLen = getAccountLen(extensions);
const tokenAccountRent =
await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenAccountLen);
const createMintAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the new mint account.
newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey, // New mint account to create.
space: mintLength, // Account size in bytes for the mint.
lamports: mintRent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.
programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the mint account.
});
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
mint.publicKey, // Mint account to initialize.
0, // Number of decimals for the token.
feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.
feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the mint account.
);
const createTokenAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the new token account.
newAccountPubkey: tokenAccount.publicKey, // New token account to create.
space: tokenAccountLen, // Account size in bytes for the token account plus ImmutableOwner.
lamports: tokenAccountRent, // Lamports funding the token account rent.
programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the token account.
});
const initializeImmutableOwnerInstruction =
createInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction(
tokenAccount.publicKey, // Token account that stores the ImmutableOwner extension.
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the token account.
);
const initializeTokenAccountInstruction = createInitializeAccountInstruction(
tokenAccount.publicKey, // Token account to initialize.
mint.publicKey, // Mint for the token account.
feePayer.publicKey, // Owner of the token account.
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the token account.
);
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
new Transaction().add(
createMintAccountInstruction,
initializeMintInstruction
),
[feePayer, mint]
);
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
new Transaction().add(
createTokenAccountInstruction,
initializeImmutableOwnerInstruction,
initializeTokenAccountInstruction
),
[feePayer, tokenAccount]
);
let failure: string | undefined;
try {
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
new Transaction().add(
createSetAuthorityInstruction(
tokenAccount.publicKey, // Token account whose authority is being updated.
feePayer.publicKey, // Current token account owner signing the instruction.
AuthorityType.AccountOwner, // Account authority field to change.
newOwner.publicKey, // New token account owner to set.
[], // Additional multisig signers.
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the token account.
)
),
[feePayer]
);
} catch (error) {
failure = String(error);
}
if (!failure) {
throw new Error("Expected the owner change to fail");
}
const tokenAccountData = await getAccount(
connection,
tokenAccount.publicKey,
"confirmed",
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);
const immutableOwnerExtension = getImmutableOwner(tokenAccountData);
console.log("Mint Address:", mint.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log("Token Account:", tokenAccount.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log("ImmutableOwner Extension:", immutableOwnerExtension);
console.log("SetAuthority Failure:", failure);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Rust

Rust
use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::{
program_pack::Pack,
signature::{Keypair, Signer},
transaction::Transaction,
};
use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;
use spl_token_2022_interface::{
extension::{
immutable_owner::ImmutableOwner, BaseStateWithExtensions, ExtensionType,
StateWithExtensions,
},
instruction::{
initialize_account, initialize_immutable_owner, initialize_mint, set_authority,
AuthorityType,
},
state::{Account, Mint},
ID as TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
};
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
);
let fee_payer = Keypair::new();
let airdrop_signature = client
.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 5_000_000_000)
.await?;
loop {
let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;
if confirmed {
break;
}
}
let mint = Keypair::new();
let mint_space = Mint::LEN;
let mint_rent = client
.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)
.await?;
let create_mint_account_instruction = create_account(
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the new mint account.
&mint.pubkey(), // New mint account to create.
mint_rent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.
mint_space as u64, // Account size in bytes for the mint.
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the mint account.
);
let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the mint account.
&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account to initialize.
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.
Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.
0, // Number of decimals for the token.
)?;
let token_account = Keypair::new();
let token_account_space =
ExtensionType::try_calculate_account_len::<Account>(&[ExtensionType::ImmutableOwner])?;
let token_account_rent = client
.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(token_account_space)
.await?;
let create_token_account_instruction = create_account(
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the new token account.
&token_account.pubkey(), // New token account to create.
token_account_rent, // Lamports funding the token account rent.
token_account_space as u64, // Account size in bytes for the token account plus ImmutableOwner.
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the token account.
);
let initialize_token_account = initialize_account(
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.
&token_account.pubkey(), // Token account to initialize.
&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the token account.
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Owner of the token account.
)?;
let init_immutable_owner_instruction =
initialize_immutable_owner(
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.
&token_account.pubkey(), // Token account that stores the ImmutableOwner extension.
)?;
let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
&[
create_mint_account_instruction,
initialize_mint_instruction,
create_token_account_instruction,
init_immutable_owner_instruction,
initialize_token_account,
],
Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
&[&fee_payer, &mint, &token_account],
client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,
);
client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;
let token_account_data = client.get_account(&token_account.pubkey()).await?;
let token_account_state = StateWithExtensions::<Account>::unpack(&token_account_data.data)?;
let new_owner = Keypair::new();
let set_authority_instruction = set_authority(
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.
&token_account.pubkey(), // Token account whose authority is being updated.
Some(&new_owner.pubkey()), // New token account owner to set.
AuthorityType::AccountOwner, // Account authority field to change.
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Current token account owner signing the instruction.
&[], // Additional multisig signers.
)?;
let set_authority_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
&[set_authority_instruction],
Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
&[&fee_payer],
client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,
);
let failure = match client
.send_and_confirm_transaction(&set_authority_transaction)
.await
{
Ok(sig) => return Err(anyhow!("Expected the owner change to fail: {}", sig)),
Err(e) => format!("{:#?}", e),
};
let immutable_owner_extension = token_account_state.get_extension::<ImmutableOwner>()?;
println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
println!("Token Account: {}", token_account.pubkey());
println!("ImmutableOwner Extension: {:#?}", immutable_owner_extension);
println!("SetAuthority Failure: {}", failure);
Ok(())
}
Console
Click to execute the code.

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