Mint Tokens

How to Mint Tokens

Minting tokens refers to the process of creating new units of a token by invoking the MintTo instruction on a token program. Only the address specified as the mint authority on the mint account can mint new tokens. The instruction also requires the existence of a token account as the destination of the minted tokens.

The Token Program and Token Extension Program share similar implementations to achieve the same functionality.

Typescript

import {
  airdropFactory,
  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
  createTransactionMessage,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  lamports,
  pipe,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners
} from "@solana/kit";
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";
import {
  getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,
  getInitializeMintInstruction,
  getMintSize,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
  findAssociatedTokenPda,
  getMintToInstruction
} from "@solana-program/token-2022";

// Create Connection, local validator in this example
const rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://127.0.0.1:8899");
const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");

// Generate keypairs for fee payer
const feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Fund fee payer
await airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({
  recipientAddress: feePayer.address,
  lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),
  commitment: "confirmed"
});

// Generate keypair to use as address of mint
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();

// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
const space = BigInt(getMintSize());

// Get minimum balance for rent exemption
const rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();

// Get latest blockhash to include in transaction
const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();

// Instruction to create new account for mint (token 2022 program)
// Invokes the system program
const createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
  payer: feePayer,
  newAccount: mint,
  lamports: rent,
  space,
  programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

// Instruction to initialize mint account data
// Invokes the token 2022 program
const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({
  mint: mint.address,
  decimals: 2,
  mintAuthority: feePayer.address
});

// Create instruction to create the associated token account
const createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({
  payer: feePayer,
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address
});

const instructions = [
  createAccountInstruction,
  initializeMintInstruction,
  createAtaInstruction
];

// Create transaction message
const transactionMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx)
);

// Sign transaction message with all required signers
const signedTransaction =
  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedTransaction,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);

// Use findAssociatedTokenPda to derive the ATA address
const [associatedTokenAddress] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: feePayer.address,
  tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

console.log(
  "Associated Token Account Address: ",
  associatedTokenAddress.toString()
);

// Create instruction to mint tokens
const mintToInstruction = getMintToInstruction({
  mint: mint.address,
  token: associatedTokenAddress,
  mintAuthority: feePayer.address,
  amount: 100n // 1.00 tokens with 2 decimals
});

// Create transaction message for minting tokens
const mintTxMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions([mintToInstruction], tx)
);

// Sign transaction message with all required signers
const signedMintTx = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(mintTxMessage);

// Send and confirm transaction
await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(
  signedMintTx,
  { commitment: "confirmed" }
);

// Get transaction signature
const mintTxSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedMintTx);

console.log("Successfully minted 1.00 tokens to the associated token account");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", mintTxSignature);

Click 'Run' to see output.

Program Logs in the Output are clickable links to Solana Explorer.
You must enable the "Enable Custom URL Param" setting on Solana Explorer.
If not enabled, links will default to localhost:8899 instead of the Mirror.ad RPC URL.

Rust

use anyhow::Result;
use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
    program_pack::Pack,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
    system_instruction::create_account,
    transaction::Transaction,
};
use spl_associated_token_account::{
    get_associated_token_address_with_program_id, instruction::create_associated_token_account,
};
use spl_token_2022::{
    id as token_2022_program_id,
    instruction::{initialize_mint, mint_to},
    state::Mint,
};

fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create connection to local validator
    let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
        String::from("http://127.0.0.1:8899"),
        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
    );
    let recent_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;

    // Generate a new keypair for the fee payer
    let fee_payer = Keypair::new();

    // Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payer
    let airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000)?;
    client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature)?;

    loop {
        let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature)?;
        if confirmed {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Generate keypair to use as address of mint
    let mint = Keypair::new();

    // Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled
    let mint_space = Mint::LEN;
    let mint_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)?;

    // Instruction to create new account for mint (token 2022 program)
    let create_account_instruction = create_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // payer
        &mint.pubkey(),           // new account (mint)
        mint_rent,                // lamports
        mint_space as u64,        // space
        &token_2022_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Instruction to initialize mint account data
    let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(
        &token_2022_program_id(),
        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // mint authority
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority
        2,                         // decimals
    )?;

    // Calculate the associated token account address for fee_payer
    let associated_token_account = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // owner
        &mint.pubkey(),           // mint
        &token_2022_program_id(), // program_id
    );

    // Instruction to create associated token account
    let create_ata_instruction = create_associated_token_account(
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // funding address
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),      // wallet address
        &mint.pubkey(),           // mint address
        &token_2022_program_id(), // program id
    );

    // Create transaction and add instructions
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[
            create_account_instruction,
            initialize_mint_instruction,
            create_ata_instruction,
        ],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer, &mint],
        recent_blockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction)?;

    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
    println!(
        "Associated Token Account Address: {}",
        associated_token_account
    );
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    // Get the latest blockhash for the mint transaction
    let recent_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash()?;

    // Amount of tokens to mint (1.00 tokens with 2 decimals)
    let amount = 100;

    // Create mint_to instruction to mint tokens to the associated token account
    let mint_to_instruction = mint_to(
        &token_2022_program_id(),
        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint
        &associated_token_account, // destination
        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // authority
        &[&fee_payer.pubkey()],    // signer
        amount,                    // amount
    )?;

    // Create transaction for minting tokens
    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[mint_to_instruction],
        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
        &[&fee_payer],
        recent_blockhash,
    );

    // Send and confirm transaction
    let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction)?;

    println!("Successfully minted {} tokens to the associated token account", amount);
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    Ok(())
}