¿Qué Hace la Transferencia de Tokens?
Transferir tokens mueve tokens de una token account a otra token account para el mismo mint.
Las transferencias no cambian el suministro del mint. Las transferencias solo actualizan los saldos entre token accounts.
Cómo Transferir Tokens
La transferencia de tokens utiliza la instrucción Transfer o
TransferChecked del Token Program.
Los ejemplos a continuación utilizan TransferChecked, que requiere que el
invocador proporcione el mint y los decimales para que la instrucción pueda
verificar el mint esperado y la precisión del token antes de mover tokens entre
cuentas.
En el Token Extensions Program, Transfer está en desuso a favor de
TransferChecked o TransferCheckedWithFee.
El propietario de la cuenta de origen o un delegado aprobado firma la transferencia. En el Token Extensions Program, un delegado permanente del mint también puede autorizar la transferencia si el mint tiene habilitada la extensión de delegado permanente.
Referencia del Código Fuente
| Elemento | Descripción | Token Program | Token Extensions Program |
|---|---|---|---|
Account | El estado de la token account almacena los saldos actualizados por una transferencia. | Fuente | Fuente |
Transfer | Una instrucción de transferencia que mueve tokens entre token accounts sin requerir que el invocador proporcione el mint o los decimales. En el Token Extensions Program, use TransferChecked en su lugar. | Fuente | Fuente |
TransferChecked | Una instrucción de transferencia que requiere que el invocador proporcione el mint y los decimales y verifica esos valores antes de mover tokens entre token accounts del mismo mint. | Fuente | Fuente |
process_transfer | Lógica compartida del procesador para transferencias de tokens. | Fuente | Fuente |
Typescript
Los ejemplos a continuación muestran el enfoque recomendado usando Kit. Los
ejemplos heredados que usan @solana/kit se incluyen como referencia.
Kit
import { generateKeyPairSigner } from "@solana/kit";import { createLocalClient } from "@solana/kit-client-rpc";import {findAssociatedTokenPda,tokenProgram,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token";const client = await createLocalClient().use(tokenProgram());const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const result = await client.token.instructions.transferToATA({mint: mint.address, // Mint for the token being transferred.authority: client.payer, // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.recipient: recipient.address, // Account that owns the destination token account.amount: 25n, // Token amount in base units.decimals: 2 // Decimals defined on the mint account.}).sendTransaction();const [sourceTokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: client.payer.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});const [destinationTokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: recipient.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});const [sourceTokenAccountData, destinationTokenAccountData] =await client.token.accounts.token.fetchAll([sourceTokenAccount,destinationTokenAccount]);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("\nSource Token Account Address:", sourceTokenAccount);console.log("Source Token Account:", sourceTokenAccountData.data);console.log("\nDestination Token Account Address:", destinationTokenAccount);console.log("Destination Token Account:", destinationTokenAccountData.data);console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result.context.signature);
Web3.js
import { Connection, Keypair, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } from "@solana/web3.js";import {createAssociatedTokenAccount,createMint,getAccount,mintToChecked,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,transferChecked} from "@solana/spl-token";const result = await transferChecked(connection, // Connection to the local validator.feePayer, // Account paying transaction fees.feePayerATA, // Token account sending the tokens.mintPubkey, // Mint for the token being transferred.recipientATA, // Token account receiving the tokens.feePayer, // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.25, // Token amount in base units.2, // Decimals defined on the mint account.[], // Additional multisig signers.{commitment: "confirmed" // Confirmation options for the transaction.},TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Token program to invoke.);const senderTokenAccount = await getAccount(connection,feePayerATA,"confirmed",TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);const recipientTokenAccount = await getAccount(connection,recipientATA,"confirmed",TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);console.log("Mint Address:", mintPubkey.toBase58());console.log("\nSource Token Account Address:", feePayerATA.toBase58());console.log("Source Token Account:", senderTokenAccount);console.log("\nDestination Token Account Address:", recipientATA.toBase58());console.log("Destination Token Account:", recipientTokenAccount);console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;use solana_sdk::{program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},transaction::Transaction,};use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{address::get_associated_token_address, instruction::create_associated_token_account,};use spl_token_interface::{id as token_program_id,instruction::{initialize_mint, mint_to_checked, transfer_checked},state::{Account, Mint},};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let recipient = Keypair::new();let transfer_amount = 25;let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[transfer_checked(&token_program_id(), // Token program to invoke.&source_token_address, // Token account sending the tokens.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the token being transferred.&destination_token_address, // Token account receiving the tokens.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.&[], // Additional multisig signers.transfer_amount, // Token amount in base units.decimals, // Decimals defined on the mint account.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],latest_blockhash,);let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;let source_token_account = client.get_account(&source_token_address).await?;let source_token_data = Account::unpack(&source_token_account.data)?;let destination_token_account = client.get_account(&destination_token_address).await?;let destination_token_data = Account::unpack(&destination_token_account.data)?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("\nSource Token Account Address: {}", source_token_address);println!("Source Token Account: {:#?}", source_token_data);println!("\nDestination Token Account Address: {}",destination_token_address);println!("Destination Token Account: {:#?}", destination_token_data);println!("\nTransaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);Ok(())}
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3import asyncioimport jsonfrom solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClientfrom solders.keypair import Keypairfrom solders.message import Messagefrom solders.pubkey import Pubkeyfrom solders.system_program import create_account, CreateAccountParamsfrom solders.transaction import Transactionfrom spl.token.async_client import AsyncTokenfrom spl.token.instructions import (create_associated_token_account,get_associated_token_address,initialize_mint,InitializeMintParams,mint_to_checked,MintToCheckedParams,transfer_checked,TransferCheckedParams,)from spl.token.constants import MINT_LEN, TOKEN_PROGRAM_IDDECIMALS = 2AMOUNT_TO_MINT = 100AMOUNT_TO_TRANSFER = 25async def main():rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")receiver = Keypair()async with rpc:transfer_tokens_instruction = transfer_checked(TransferCheckedParams(program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, # Token program to invoke.source=source_token_account, # Token account sending the tokens.mint=mint.pubkey(), # Mint for the token being transferred.dest=destination_token_account, # Token account receiving the tokens.owner=fee_payer.pubkey(), # Account that owns the source token account.amount=AMOUNT_TO_TRANSFER, # Token amount in base units.decimals=DECIMALS, # Decimals defined on the mint account.))latest_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()transaction = Transaction([fee_payer],Message([transfer_tokens_instruction], fee_payer.pubkey()),latest_blockhash.value.blockhash,)result = await rpc.send_transaction(transaction)source_token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(source_token_account)destination_token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(destination_token_account)source_account = {key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else valuefor key, value in source_token_account_info._asdict().items()}destination_account = {key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else valuefor key, value in destination_token_account_info._asdict().items()}print("Mint Address:", mint.pubkey())print("\nSource Token Account Address:", source_token_account)print("Source Token Account:")print(json.dumps(source_account, indent=2))print("\nDestination Token Account Address:", destination_token_account)print("Destination Token Account:")print(json.dumps(destination_account, indent=2))print("\nTransaction Signature:", result.value)if __name__ == "__main__":asyncio.run(main())
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