Mollusk

MolluskはSolanaプログラムをテストするための軽量なテストハーネスです。Solana仮想マシン（SVM）の簡易環境でSolanaプログラムのinstructionsをテストするためのシンプルなインターフェースを提供します。すべてのテストアカウントは明示的に定義する必要があり、決定論的で再現可能なテストを保証します。

インストール

mollusk-svmを依存関係としてCargo.tomlに追加します：

Terminal

$ cargo add mollusk-svm --dev

Cargo.toml

[dev-dependencies]
mollusk-svm = "0.7"

コンピュートユニットの使用量をベンチマークするには、mollusk-svm-bencherを Cargo.tomlの依存関係として追加します：

Terminal

$ cargo add mollusk-svm-bencher --dev

Cargo.toml

[dev-dependencies]
mollusk-svm-bencher = "0.7"

Molluskでテストする際にToken Program、Token2022プログラム（Token Extensions）、Associated Token Programを使用するには、mollusk-svm-programs-tokenを Cargo.tomlの依存関係として追加します：

Terminal

$ cargo add mollusk-svm-programs-token --dev

Cargo.toml

[dev-dependencies]
mollusk-svm-programs-token = "0.7"

Mollusk SVM

以下の例は、Molluskを使用して基本的なSolanaプログラムをテストするための最小限のセットアップを示しています。

Hello Worldプログラム

この例では、Molluskを使用して基本的なSolanaプログラムをテストする方法を示しています。このプログラムは呼び出されると単に「Hello, world!」をプログラムログに出力します。

cargo build-sbfを実行すると、コンパイルされたプログラムが /target/deploy/<program_name>.soに生成されます。

src/lib.rs

use solana_program::{
    account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint, entrypoint::ProgramResult, msg, pubkey::Pubkey,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

pub fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    _accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    _instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    msg!("Hello, world!");
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk};
    use solana_sdk::{instruction::Instruction, pubkey::Pubkey};

    #[test]
    fn test_hello_world() {
        let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
        let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/hello_world");

        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![]);

        mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &[], &[Check::success()]);
    }
}

Molluskを使用してSolanaプログラムをテストするには：

Molluskインスタンスを作成する - プログラムIDとコンパイルされたプログラムのパス（.soファイル）でMolluskを初期化
instructionを構築する - プログラムを呼び出すためのinstructionを作成
処理と検証 - Molluskを使用してinstructionを処理し、結果を検証

src/lib.rs

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk};
    use solana_sdk::{instruction::Instruction, pubkey::Pubkey};

    #[test]
    fn test_hello_world() {
        let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
        let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/hello_world");

        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![]);

        mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &[], &[Check::success()]);
    }
}

テストを実行するには、cargo testを実行してください。

テストが正常に実行されると、以下のような出力が表示されます：

Terminal

running 1 test
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.427685000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs invoke [1]
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429669000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program log: Hello, world!
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429690000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs consumed 211 of 1400000 compute units
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429726000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs success
test tests::test_hello_world ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.02s

   Doc-tests hello_world

Hello Worldプログラム

cargo build-sbfを実行すると、コンパイルされたプログラムが /target/deploy/<program_name>.soに生成されます。

Molluskを使用してSolanaプログラムをテストするには：

Molluskインスタンスを作成する - プログラムIDとコンパイルされたプログラムのパス（.soファイル）でMolluskを初期化
instructionを構築する - プログラムを呼び出すためのinstructionを作成
処理と検証 - Molluskを使用してinstructionを処理し、結果を検証

src/lib.rs

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk};
    use solana_sdk::{instruction::Instruction, pubkey::Pubkey};

    #[test]
    fn test_hello_world() {
        let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
        let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/hello_world");

        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![]);

        mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &[], &[Check::success()]);
    }
}

テストを実行するには、cargo testを実行してください。

テストが正常に実行されると、以下のような出力が表示されます：

Terminal

running 1 test
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.427685000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs invoke [1]
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429669000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program log: Hello, world!
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429690000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs consumed 211 of 1400000 compute units
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429726000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs success
test tests::test_hello_world ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.02s

   Doc-tests hello_world

lib.rs

hello_world.so

Cargo.toml

use solana_program::{
    account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint, entrypoint::ProgramResult, msg, pubkey::Pubkey,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

pub fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    _accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    _instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    msg!("Hello, world!");
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk};
    use solana_sdk::{instruction::Instruction, pubkey::Pubkey};

    #[test]
    fn test_hello_world() {
        let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
        let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/hello_world");

        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![]);

        mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &[], &[Check::success()]);
    }
}

Mollusk構造体は、Solanaプログラムをテストするためのシンプルなインターフェースを提供します。すべてのフィールドは少数のヘルパーメソッドを通じて操作できますが、ユーザーはより細かい制御が必要な場合、直接アクセスして変更することもできます。

デフォルトのインスタンスでMolluskを初期化するには、Mollusk::defaultメソッドを使用します。

Example

// Default instance with no custom programs
let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

特定のプログラムでMolluskを初期化するには、Mollusk::newメソッドを使用します。

Example

// Initialize Mollusk with a specific program from a file path
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/my_program");

Molluskにプログラムを追加するには、Mollusk::add_programメソッドを使用します。

Example

let mollusk = Mollusk::default();
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();

// Add a program to Mollusk
mollusk.add_program(
    &program_id,
    "target/deploy/my_program",
    &bpf_loader_upgradeable::id(),
);

ファイルパスを指定する際は、.so拡張子を含めないでください。例えば、 "path/to/my_program"は正しいですが、"path/to/my_program.so"は正しくありません。

instructionsの処理

Molluskはinstructionsを処理するための4つの主要なメソッドを提供しています：

メソッド	説明
`process_instruction`	instructionを処理し、結果を返します。
`process_and_validate_instruction`	instructionを処理し、結果に対して一連のチェックを実行します。チェックが失敗した場合はパニックします。
`process_instruction_chain`	複数のinstructionsを処理し、結果を返します。
`process_and_validate_instruction_chain`	複数のinstructionsを処理し、各結果に対して一連のチェックを実行します。チェックが失敗した場合はパニックします。

InstructionResultには、処理されたinstructionの詳細が含まれています。

単一のInstruction

process_instructionメソッドを使用して、結果のチェックなしで単一のinstructionを処理します。処理後に手動で結果を検証することができます。

Method Signature

pub fn process_instruction(
    &self,
    instruction: &Instruction,
    accounts: &[(Pubkey, Account)],
) -> InstructionResult

次の例では、検証チェックなしでSOL転送instructionを処理します。

以下の例では、デモンストレーション目的でmain関数内でMolluskを実行しています。実際には、通常#[test]属性で注釈付けされたテストモジュール内でMolluskを使用します。

Single Instruction

use mollusk_svm::Mollusk;
use solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey};
use solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Set up accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;
    let transfer_amount = 250_000;

    // Create transfer instruction
    let instruction = transfer(&sender, &recipient, transfer_amount);

    // Define initial account states
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            recipient,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Process the instruction
    let result = mollusk.process_instruction(&instruction, &accounts);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Check the result
    assert!(result.program_result.is_ok());
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&sender).unwrap().lamports, 750_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&recipient).unwrap().lamports, 250_000);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Single Instruction

use mollusk_svm::Mollusk;
use solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey};
use solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Set up accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;
    let transfer_amount = 250_000;

    // Create transfer instruction
    let instruction = transfer(&sender, &recipient, transfer_amount);

    // Define initial account states
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            recipient,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Process the instruction
    let result = mollusk.process_instruction(&instruction, &accounts);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Check the result
    assert!(result.program_result.is_ok());
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&sender).unwrap().lamports, 750_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&recipient).unwrap().lamports, 250_000);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

単一のinstructionsと検証

process_and_validate_instructionメソッドを使用して、検証チェック付きの単一のinstructionsを処理します。このメソッドは、チェックが失敗した場合にパニックを起こします。

Method Signature

pub fn process_and_validate_instruction(
    &self,
    instruction: &Instruction,
    accounts: &[(Pubkey, Account)],
    checks: &[Check],
) -> InstructionResult

次の例では、検証チェック付きのSOL転送instructionsを処理しています。

With Validation

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;
    let transfer_amount = 250_000;

    let instruction = transfer(&sender, &recipient, transfer_amount);

    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            recipient,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Define validation checks
    let checks = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&sender).lamports(750_000).build(),
        Check::account(&recipient).lamports(250_000).build(),
    ];

    // Process and validate (will panic if any check fails)
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &accounts, &checks);
    println!("{:#?}", result);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

With Validation

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;
    let transfer_amount = 250_000;

    let instruction = transfer(&sender, &recipient, transfer_amount);

    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            recipient,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Define validation checks
    let checks = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&sender).lamports(750_000).build(),
        Check::account(&recipient).lamports(250_000).build(),
    ];

    // Process and validate (will panic if any check fails)
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &accounts, &checks);
    println!("{:#?}", result);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

複数のinstructions

process_instruction_chainメソッドを使用して、検証チェックなしで複数のinstructionsを順番に処理します。

Method Signature

pub fn process_instruction_chain(
    &self,
    instructions: &[Instruction],
    accounts: &[(Pubkey, Account)],
) -> InstructionResult

次の例では、検証チェックなしで2つのSOL転送instructionsを処理しています。

Multiple Instructions

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Set up accounts
    let alice = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let bob = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let charlie = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;

    // Create chain of transfers
    let instructions = vec![
        transfer(&alice, &bob, 300_000),   // Alice -> Bob
        transfer(&bob, &charlie, 100_000), // Bob -> Charlie
    ];

    let accounts = vec![
        (
            alice,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            bob,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            charlie,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Process the instruction chain
    let result = mollusk.process_instruction_chain(&instructions, &accounts);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Final balances: Alice=700K, Bob=200K, Charlie=100K
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&alice).unwrap().lamports, 700_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&bob).unwrap().lamports, 200_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&charlie).unwrap().lamports, 100_000);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Multiple Instructions

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Set up accounts
    let alice = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let bob = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let charlie = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;

    // Create chain of transfers
    let instructions = vec![
        transfer(&alice, &bob, 300_000),   // Alice -> Bob
        transfer(&bob, &charlie, 100_000), // Bob -> Charlie
    ];

    let accounts = vec![
        (
            alice,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            bob,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            charlie,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Process the instruction chain
    let result = mollusk.process_instruction_chain(&instructions, &accounts);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Final balances: Alice=700K, Bob=200K, Charlie=100K
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&alice).unwrap().lamports, 700_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&bob).unwrap().lamports, 200_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&charlie).unwrap().lamports, 100_000);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

検証付きの複数のinstructions

process_and_validate_instruction_chainメソッドを使用して、各instructionsの後に検証チェックを行いながら複数のinstructionsを処理します。各instructionsには、合格しなければならない独自の一連のチェックがあります。

Method Signature

pub fn process_and_validate_instruction_chain(
    &self,
    instructions: &[(&Instruction, &[Check])],
    accounts: &[(Pubkey, Account)],
) -> InstructionResult

次の例では、各instructionsの後に検証チェックを行いながら、2つのSOL転送instructionsのチェーンを処理しています。

With Validation

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create accounts
    let alice = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let bob = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let charlie = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;

    // Create transfer instructions
    let transfer1 = transfer(&alice, &bob, 300_000);
    let transfer2 = transfer(&bob, &charlie, 100_000);

    // Initial accounts
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            alice,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            bob,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            charlie,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Define checks for each instruction
    let checks_after_transfer1 = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&alice)
            .lamports(700_000) // 1M - 300K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&bob)
            .lamports(300_000) // 0 + 300K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&charlie)
            .lamports(0) // Unchanged
            .build(),
    ];

    let checks_after_transfer2 = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&alice)
            .lamports(700_000) // Unchanged from previous
            .build(),
        Check::account(&bob)
            .lamports(200_000) // 300K - 100K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&charlie)
            .lamports(100_000) // 0 + 100K
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process with validation at each step
    let instruction_and_checks = [
        (&transfer1, checks_after_transfer1.as_slice()),
        (&transfer2, checks_after_transfer2.as_slice()),
    ];

    // Execute chain (panics if any check fails)
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction_chain(&instruction_and_checks, &accounts);

    println!("{:#?}", result);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

With Validation

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create accounts
    let alice = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let bob = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let charlie = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;

    // Create transfer instructions
    let transfer1 = transfer(&alice, &bob, 300_000);
    let transfer2 = transfer(&bob, &charlie, 100_000);

    // Initial accounts
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            alice,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            bob,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            charlie,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Define checks for each instruction
    let checks_after_transfer1 = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&alice)
            .lamports(700_000) // 1M - 300K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&bob)
            .lamports(300_000) // 0 + 300K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&charlie)
            .lamports(0) // Unchanged
            .build(),
    ];

    let checks_after_transfer2 = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&alice)
            .lamports(700_000) // Unchanged from previous
            .build(),
        Check::account(&bob)
            .lamports(200_000) // 300K - 100K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&charlie)
            .lamports(100_000) // 0 + 100K
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process with validation at each step
    let instruction_and_checks = [
        (&transfer1, checks_after_transfer1.as_slice()),
        (&transfer2, checks_after_transfer2.as_slice()),
    ];

    // Execute chain (panics if any check fails)
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction_chain(&instruction_and_checks, &accounts);

    println!("{:#?}", result);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

バリデーションチェック

Molluskはヘルパーメソッドを提供し、処理されたinstructionsの結果を確認します。

Example

use mollusk_svm::result::Check;

instructionsの結果を検証するには、以下のメソッドを使用します：

Example

// Program execution succeeded
Check::success()

// Program returned specific error
Check::err(ProgramError::InvalidArgument)

// Instruction level error
Check::instruction_err(InstructionError::InsufficientFunds)

// Check with specific program result
Check::program_result(ProgramResult::Success)

// Compute units consumed
Check::compute_units(1000)

// Execution time
Check::time(100)

// Return data from instruction execution
Check::return_data(&[1, 2, 3, 4])

アカウントの状態を検証するには、以下を使用します：

Example

// Single account validation
Check::account(&pubkey)
    .lamports(1_000_000)           // Exact lamports
    .owner(&program_id)            // Account owner
    .data(&expected_data)          // Exact data match
    .data_slice(8, &[1, 2, 3])     // Partial data match at offset
    .executable(false)             // Executable flag
    .space(100)                    // Account data size
    .closed()                      // Account is closed (0 lamports)
    .rent_exempt()                 // Account is rent-exempt
    .build()

// Check all accounts are rent exempt
Check::all_rent_exempt()

永続的なアカウント状態

MolluskContext はMolluskのラッパーで、account_storeを通じて複数のinstructions呼び出し間でアカウント状態を維持します。instructionsを処理するためのメソッドはMolluskと同じです。

Molluskとは異なり、各メソッドにaccountsを渡す必要がある（例： process_instruction）のに対し、MolluskContextはaccount_storeを通じて内部的にアカウントを管理します。これによりinstructionsを処理する際にaccountsパラメータが不要になります。

with_contextメソッドを使用してaccount_storeを作成します：

Example

use std::collections::HashMap;
use solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey};
use solana_system_interface::program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID;
use mollusk_svm::Mollusk;

let mollusk = Mollusk::default();
let account_address = Pubkey::new_unique();

let mut account_store = HashMap::new();
account_store.insert(
    account_address,
    Account {
        lamports: 1_000_000,
        data: vec![],
        owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
        executable: false,
        rent_epoch: 0,
    },
);

let context = mollusk.with_context(account_store);

以下の例では、account_storeを通じてinstructions間で永続的なアカウント状態を維持しながら、2つの別々のSOL転送instructionsを処理しています。

Stateful Testing

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
    std::collections::HashMap,
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Create account store with initial balances
    let mut account_store = HashMap::new();
    account_store.insert(
        sender,
        Account {
            lamports: 1_000_000,
            data: vec![],
            owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
            executable: false,
            rent_epoch: 0,
        },
    );
    account_store.insert(
        recipient,
        Account {
            lamports: 0,
            data: vec![],
            owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
            executable: false,
            rent_epoch: 0,
        },
    );

    // Create a stateful context
    let context = mollusk.with_context(account_store);

    // First transfer: 200,000 lamports
    let instruction1 = transfer(&sender, &recipient, 200_000);
    context.process_instruction(&instruction1);

    // Second transfer: 100,000 lamports (state persists from first transfer)
    let instruction2 = transfer(&sender, &recipient, 100_000);
    context.process_instruction(&instruction2);

    // Check final balances
    let store = context.account_store.borrow();
    let sender_account = store.get(&sender).unwrap();
    let recipient_account = store.get(&recipient).unwrap();
    println!("Sender: {:#?}", sender_account);
    println!("Recipient: {:#?}", recipient_account);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Stateful Testing

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
    std::collections::HashMap,
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Create account store with initial balances
    let mut account_store = HashMap::new();
    account_store.insert(
        sender,
        Account {
            lamports: 1_000_000,
            data: vec![],
            owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
            executable: false,
            rent_epoch: 0,
        },
    );
    account_store.insert(
        recipient,
        Account {
            lamports: 0,
            data: vec![],
            owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
            executable: false,
            rent_epoch: 0,
        },
    );

    // Create a stateful context
    let context = mollusk.with_context(account_store);

    // First transfer: 200,000 lamports
    let instruction1 = transfer(&sender, &recipient, 200_000);
    context.process_instruction(&instruction1);

    // Second transfer: 100,000 lamports (state persists from first transfer)
    let instruction2 = transfer(&sender, &recipient, 100_000);
    context.process_instruction(&instruction2);

    // Check final balances
    let store = context.account_store.borrow();
    let sender_account = store.get(&sender).unwrap();
    let recipient_account = store.get(&recipient).unwrap();
    println!("Sender: {:#?}", sender_account);
    println!("Recipient: {:#?}", recipient_account);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Mollusk Sysvars

Molluskはテスト用に値を変更するためのカスタム Sysvars 構造体を提供しています。

warp_to_slotメソッドを使用して、特定のslotに時間を進めたり戻したりするシミュレーションのためにsysvarクロックを更新します。

Warp to Slot

use mollusk_svm::Mollusk;

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Show initial slot
    println!("Initial slot: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);

    // Warp to slot 1000
    mollusk.warp_to_slot(100);
    println!("After warp: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);

    // Warp to slot 10
    mollusk.warp_to_slot(10);
    println!("After second warp: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Warp to Slot

use mollusk_svm::Mollusk;

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Show initial slot
    println!("Initial slot: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);

    // Warp to slot 1000
    mollusk.warp_to_slot(100);
    println!("After warp: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);

    // Warp to slot 10
    mollusk.warp_to_slot(10);
    println!("After second warp: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

以下の例では、sysvarsフィールドにアクセスしてrentパラメータを変更することで、Mollusk sysvarを直接変更する方法を示しています。同じ方法で他のsysvar値も変更できます。

Modify Sysvars

use {mollusk_svm::Mollusk, solana_sdk::rent::Rent};

fn main() {
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Show default rent
    println!(
        "Default rent exemption for 1000 bytes: {} lamports",
        mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(1000)
    );

    // Customize rent parameters
    mollusk.sysvars.rent = Rent {
        lamports_per_byte_year: 1,
        exemption_threshold: 1.0,
        burn_percent: 0,
    };

    // Show custom rent
    println!(
        "Custom rent exemption for 1000 bytes: {} lamports",
        mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(1000)
    );
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Modify Sysvars

use {mollusk_svm::Mollusk, solana_sdk::rent::Rent};

fn main() {
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Show default rent
    println!(
        "Default rent exemption for 1000 bytes: {} lamports",
        mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(1000)
    );

    // Customize rent parameters
    mollusk.sysvars.rent = Rent {
        lamports_per_byte_year: 1,
        exemption_threshold: 1.0,
        burn_percent: 0,
    };

    // Show custom rent
    println!(
        "Custom rent exemption for 1000 bytes: {} lamports",
        mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(1000)
    );
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

コンピュートユニットのベンチマーキング

MolluskComputeUnitBencher はプログラムのinstructionsのコンピュートユニット使用量を追跡します。結果はマークダウンファイルに書き込まれます。

依存関係として mollusk-svm-bencher が必要です。

以下の例はSOL転送instructionのコンピュートユニット使用量をベンチマークしています。

Benchmark Compute Units

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    mollusk_svm_bencher::MolluskComputeUnitBencher,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey},
    solana_system_interface::{instruction::transfer, program::ID as SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID},
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create test accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let receiver = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Transfer instruction
    let transfer = transfer(&sender, &receiver, 100_000);
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: 1_000_000,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            receiver,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: SYSTEM_PROGRAM_ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Run benchmark
    MolluskComputeUnitBencher::new(mollusk)
        .bench(("transfer", &transfer, &accounts))
        .must_pass(true)
        .out_dir("./target/benches")
        .execute();
}

ベンチマーク結果は指定されたout_dirにcompute_units.mdという名前のマークダウンファイルとして書き込まれます。

comput_units.md

#### 2025-09-19 22:28:53.691839 UTC

Solana CLI Version: solana-cli 2.2.20 (src:dabc99a5; feat:3073396398,
client:Agave)

| Name     | CUs | Delta   |
| -------- | --- | ------- |
| transfer | 150 | - new - |

Token Programのテスト

mollusk-svm-programs-token クレートを使用して、Token Program、Token2022プログラム（Token Extensions）、およびAssociated Token ProgramをMolluskに追加してテストします。

Example

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    mollusk_svm_programs_token::{associated_token, token, token2022},
};

let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

// Add SPL Token Program
token::add_program(&mut mollusk);
// Add SPL Token-2022 Program
token2022::add_program(&mut mollusk);
// Add Associated Token Account Program
associated_token::add_program(&mut mollusk);

以下の例はMolluskを使用したトークン転送のテストを示しています。

以下の例では、デモンストレーションの目的でテストアカウントを手動で定義しています。mollusk-svm-programs-tokenにはミントとtoken accountを作成するためのヘルパー関数も含まれています。

Token Transfer Example

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    mollusk_svm_programs_token::token,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, program_pack::Pack, pubkey::Pubkey},
    spl_token_interface::{
        instruction::transfer_checked,
        state::{Account as TokenAccount, AccountState, Mint},
    },
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk with Token program
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();
    token::add_program(&mut mollusk);

    // Create account keys
    let mint = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let source = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let destination = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let authority = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Token configuration
    let decimals = 6;
    let transfer_amount = 1_000_000; // 1 token with 6 decimals
    let initial_balance = 10_000_000; // 10 tokens

    // Calculate rent-exempt minimums
    let mint_rent = mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(Mint::LEN);
    let account_rent = mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(TokenAccount::LEN);

    // Create mint account
    let mut mint_data = vec![0u8; Mint::LEN];
    Mint::pack(
        Mint {
            mint_authority: Some(authority).into(),
            supply: initial_balance,
            decimals,
            is_initialized: true,
            freeze_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut mint_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Create source token account
    let mut source_data = vec![0u8; TokenAccount::LEN];
    TokenAccount::pack(
        TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner: authority,
            amount: initial_balance,
            delegate: None.into(),
            state: AccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: None.into(),
            delegated_amount: 0,
            close_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut source_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Create destination token account
    let mut destination_data = vec![0u8; TokenAccount::LEN];
    TokenAccount::pack(
        TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner: Pubkey::new_unique(),
            amount: 0,
            delegate: None.into(),
            state: AccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: None.into(),
            delegated_amount: 0,
            close_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut destination_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Setup accounts for transfer_checked
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            source,
            Account {
                lamports: account_rent,
                data: source_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            mint,
            Account {
                lamports: mint_rent,
                data: mint_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            destination,
            Account {
                lamports: account_rent,
                data: destination_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            authority,
            Account {
                lamports: 1_000_000,
                data: vec![],
                owner: Pubkey::default(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Create transfer_checked instruction
    let instruction = transfer_checked(
        &token::ID,
        &source,
        &mint,
        &destination,
        &authority,
        &[],
        transfer_amount,
        decimals,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Expected balances after transfer
    let expected_source_balance = (initial_balance - transfer_amount).to_le_bytes();
    let expected_dest_balance = transfer_amount.to_le_bytes();

    // Define validation checks
    let checks = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&source)
            .data_slice(64, &expected_source_balance) // Token amount is at offset 64
            .build(),
        Check::account(&destination)
            .data_slice(64, &expected_dest_balance)
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process and validate the instruction
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &accounts, &checks);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Deserialize token account data
    let source_account = result.get_account(&source).unwrap();
    let source_token = TokenAccount::unpack(&source_account.data).unwrap();
    println!("Source Token Account: {:#?}", source_token);

    let destination_account = result.get_account(&destination).unwrap();
    let dest_token = TokenAccount::unpack(&destination_account.data).unwrap();
    println!("Destination Token Account: {:#?}", dest_token);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Token Transfer Example

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    mollusk_svm_programs_token::token,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, program_pack::Pack, pubkey::Pubkey},
    spl_token_interface::{
        instruction::transfer_checked,
        state::{Account as TokenAccount, AccountState, Mint},
    },
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk with Token program
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();
    token::add_program(&mut mollusk);

    // Create account keys
    let mint = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let source = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let destination = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let authority = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Token configuration
    let decimals = 6;
    let transfer_amount = 1_000_000; // 1 token with 6 decimals
    let initial_balance = 10_000_000; // 10 tokens

    // Calculate rent-exempt minimums
    let mint_rent = mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(Mint::LEN);
    let account_rent = mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(TokenAccount::LEN);

    // Create mint account
    let mut mint_data = vec![0u8; Mint::LEN];
    Mint::pack(
        Mint {
            mint_authority: Some(authority).into(),
            supply: initial_balance,
            decimals,
            is_initialized: true,
            freeze_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut mint_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Create source token account
    let mut source_data = vec![0u8; TokenAccount::LEN];
    TokenAccount::pack(
        TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner: authority,
            amount: initial_balance,
            delegate: None.into(),
            state: AccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: None.into(),
            delegated_amount: 0,
            close_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut source_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Create destination token account
    let mut destination_data = vec![0u8; TokenAccount::LEN];
    TokenAccount::pack(
        TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner: Pubkey::new_unique(),
            amount: 0,
            delegate: None.into(),
            state: AccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: None.into(),
            delegated_amount: 0,
            close_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut destination_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Setup accounts for transfer_checked
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            source,
            Account {
                lamports: account_rent,
                data: source_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            mint,
            Account {
                lamports: mint_rent,
                data: mint_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            destination,
            Account {
                lamports: account_rent,
                data: destination_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            authority,
            Account {
                lamports: 1_000_000,
                data: vec![],
                owner: Pubkey::default(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Create transfer_checked instruction
    let instruction = transfer_checked(
        &token::ID,
        &source,
        &mint,
        &destination,
        &authority,
        &[],
        transfer_amount,
        decimals,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Expected balances after transfer
    let expected_source_balance = (initial_balance - transfer_amount).to_le_bytes();
    let expected_dest_balance = transfer_amount.to_le_bytes();

    // Define validation checks
    let checks = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&source)
            .data_slice(64, &expected_source_balance) // Token amount is at offset 64
            .build(),
        Check::account(&destination)
            .data_slice(64, &expected_dest_balance)
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process and validate the instruction
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &accounts, &checks);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Deserialize token account data
    let source_account = result.get_account(&source).unwrap();
    let source_token = TokenAccount::unpack(&source_account.data).unwrap();
    println!("Source Token Account: {:#?}", source_token);

    let destination_account = result.get_account(&destination).unwrap();
    let dest_token = TokenAccount::unpack(&destination_account.data).unwrap();
    println!("Destination Token Account: {:#?}", dest_token);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Hello Worldプログラム

Hello Worldプログラム

目次