토큰 계정 생성하기
토큰 계정이란 무엇인가요?
토큰 계정은 특정 토큰의 잔액을 저장합니다. 각 토큰 계정은 정확히 하나의 민트와 연결되어 있으며 토큰 잔액과 추가 세부 정보를 추적합니다.
/// Account data.#[repr(C)]#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]pub struct Account {/// The mint associated with this accountpub mint: Pubkey,/// The owner of this account.pub owner: Pubkey,/// The amount of tokens this account holds.pub amount: u64,/// If `delegate` is `Some` then `delegated_amount` represents/// the amount authorized by the delegatepub delegate: COption<Pubkey>,/// The account's statepub state: AccountState,/// If `is_native.is_some`, this is a native token, and the value logs the/// rent-exempt reserve. An Account is required to be rent-exempt, so/// the value is used by the Processor to ensure that wrapped SOL/// accounts do not drop below this threshold.pub is_native: COption<u64>,/// The amount delegatedpub delegated_amount: u64,/// Optional authority to close the account.pub close_authority: COption<Pubkey>,}
소스 코드에서 개발자들은 토큰 계정을 Account
타입이라고 부릅니다. Token
Program과
Token Extensions
Program
모두 토큰 계정에 대해 동일한 기본 구현을 공유합니다.
토큰을 보유하려면 해당 민트에 대한 토큰 계정이 필요합니다. 각 토큰 계정은 다음을 추적합니다:
- 민트: 보유하는 특정 토큰 유형
- 소유자: 이 계정에서 토큰을 전송할 수 있는 권한을 가진 주체
예시: USD 코인 (USDC)
- 민트 주소:
EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v
- Circle의 토큰 계정:
3emsAVdmGKERbHjmGfQ6oZ1e35dkf5iYcS6U4CPKFVaa
- 이 계정은 USDC 토큰만 보유합니다
- Circle은 토큰 계정 소유자 권한을 통해 토큰을 제어합니다:
7VHUFJHWu2CuExkJcJrzhQPJ2oygupTWkL2A2For4BmE
솔라나 익스플로러에서 이 토큰 계정의 세부 정보를 볼 수 있습니다.
"소유자" 용어 이해하기
"소유자"라는 용어는 두 가지 다른 맥락에서 사용될 수 있습니다:
-
토큰 계정 소유자: 토큰을 전송, 소각 또는 위임할 수 있는 권한을 가진 주체입니다. 이는 토큰 계정의 데이터에 저장됩니다.
-
프로그램 소유자: 계정을 소유한 프로그램(토큰 계정의 경우 항상 Token Program 또는 Token Extensions Program)입니다.
토큰 계정을 다룰 때 "소유자"는 일반적으로 계정을 소유한 프로그램이 아닌 토큰을 전송할 수 있는 권한을 가진 주체를 의미합니다.
Associated Token Account란 무엇인가요?
Associated token account(ATA)는 지갑이 특정 토큰을 보유하기 위한 기본 토큰 계정입니다. 이는 Associated Token Program에 의해 생성된 결정론적 주소(PDA)를 사용합니다.
Associated Token Program에 의해 생성된 토큰 계정만이 "associated token accounts"라고 불립니다.
ATA는 결정론적 주소를 사용하여 주어진 민트에 대한 지갑의 토큰 계정을 쉽게 찾을 수 있게 합니다. 여기에서 파생 구현을 확인하세요.
pub fn get_associated_token_address_and_bump_seed_internal(wallet_address: &Pubkey,token_mint_address: &Pubkey,program_id: &Pubkey,token_program_id: &Pubkey,) -> (Pubkey, u8) {Pubkey::find_program_address(&[&wallet_address.to_bytes(), // Owner's public key&token_program_id.to_bytes(), // Token Program or Token Extension Program&token_mint_address.to_bytes(), // Token mint address],program_id, // Associated Token Program ID)}
모든 지갑과 토큰 조합에 대해 정확히 하나의 ATA 주소가 있습니다. 이로 인해 토큰 계정 주소를 수동으로 추적할 필요가 없어집니다—항상 올바른 주소를 도출할 수 있습니다.
Associated Token Program의 작동 방식
Associated Token Program은 다음과 같은 도우미 역할을 합니다:
- 결정론적 주소(PDA)에 토큰 계정 생성
- Token Program에 Cross-Program Invocation(CPI) 수행
- 자체적으로 상태를 유지하지 않음
결과적으로 생성된 토큰 계정은 Token Program이 소유하며 표준 Account
구조를
사용합니다.
토큰 계정을 생성하는 방법
토큰 계정을 생성하려면
InitializeAccount
명령이 필요합니다.
여기에서 구현을 확인하세요.
토큰 계정을 생성하려면 두 가지 명령이 필요합니다:
- System Program: 토큰 계정을 위한 공간이 할당된 계정을 생성하고 소유권을 Token Program에 이전
- Token Program: 토큰 계정 데이터 초기화
Typescript
import {airdropFactory,appendTransactionMessageInstructions,createSolanaRpc,createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,createTransactionMessage,generateKeyPairSigner,getSignatureFromTransaction,lamports,pipe,sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,signTransactionMessageWithSigners} from "@solana/kit";import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";import {getInitializeAccount2Instruction,getInitializeMintInstruction,getMintSize,getTokenSize,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token";// Create Connection, local validator in this exampleconst rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");// Get latest blockhash to include in transactionconst { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();// Generate keypairs for fee payerconst feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Fund fee payerawait airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({recipientAddress: feePayer.address,lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),commitment: "confirmed"});// Generate keypair to use as address of mintconst mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabledconst space = BigInt(getMintSize());// Get minimum balance for rent exemptionconst rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)// Invokes the system programconst createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: feePayer,newAccount: mint,lamports: rent,space,programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});// Instruction to initialize mint account data// Invokes the token programconst initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address,decimals: 2,mintAuthority: feePayer.address});const instructions = [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction];// Create transaction messageconst transactionMessage = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }), // Create transaction message(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx), // Set fee payer(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx), // Set transaction blockhash(tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx) // Append instructions);// Sign transaction message with required signers (fee payer and mint keypair)const signedTransaction =await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTransaction,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature);// Generate keypair to use as address of token accountconst tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Get token account size (in bytes)const tokenAccountSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize());// Get minimum balance for rent exemptionconst tokenAccountRent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenAccountSpace).send();// Instruction to create new account for token account (token program)// Invokes the system programconst createTokenAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: feePayer,newAccount: tokenAccount,lamports: tokenAccountRent,space: tokenAccountSpace,programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});// Instruction to initialize token account data// Invokes the token programconst initializeTokenAccountInstruction = getInitializeAccount2Instruction({account: tokenAccount.address,mint: mint.address,owner: feePayer.address});const instructions2 = [createTokenAccountInstruction,initializeTokenAccountInstruction];// Create transaction message for token account creationconst tokenAccountMessage = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }), // Create transaction message(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx), // Set fee payer(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx), // Set transaction blockhash(tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions2, tx) // Append instructions);// Sign transaction message with required signers (fee payer and token account keypair)const signedTokenAccountTx =await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(tokenAccountMessage);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTokenAccountTx,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature2 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTokenAccountTx);console.log("Token Account Address:", tokenAccount.address);console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature2);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_sdk::{commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},system_instruction::create_account,transaction::Transaction,};use spl_token::{id as token_program_id,instruction::{initialize_account, initialize_mint},state::{Account, Mint},};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {// Create connection to local validatorlet client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;// Generate a new keypair for the fee payerlet fee_payer = Keypair::new();// Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payerlet airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000).await?;client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;loop {let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;if confirmed {break;}}// Generate keypair to use as address of mintlet mint = Keypair::new();// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabledlet mint_space = Mint::LEN;let mint_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space).await?;// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)let create_account_instruction = create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // payer&mint.pubkey(), // new account (mint)mint_rent, // lamportsmint_space as u64, // space&token_program_id(), // program id);// Instruction to initialize mint account datalet initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(&token_program_id(),&mint.pubkey(), // mint&fee_payer.pubkey(), // mint authoritySome(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority2, // decimals)?;// Create transaction and add instructionslet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],latestBlockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionlet transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);// Generate keypair to use as address of token accountlet token_account = Keypair::new();// Get token account size (in bytes)let token_account_space = Account::LEN;let token_account_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(token_account_space).await?;// Instruction to create new account for token account (token program)let create_token_account_instruction = create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // payer&token_account.pubkey(), // new account (token account)token_account_rent, // lamportstoken_account_space as u64, // space&token_program_id(), // program id);// Instruction to initialize token account datalet initialize_token_account_instruction = initialize_account(&token_program_id(),&token_account.pubkey(), // account&mint.pubkey(), // mint&fee_payer.pubkey(), // owner)?;// Create transaction and add instructionslet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_token_account_instruction,initialize_token_account_instruction,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &token_account],latestBlockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionlet transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;println!("Token Account Address: {}", token_account.pubkey());println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);Ok(())}
Associated Token Account를 생성하는 방법
Associated Token Account(ATA)를 생성하려면
Create
명령어가 필요합니다.
여기에서 구현을 확인하세요.
이 단일 명령어는 Cross Program Invocation(CPI)을 통해 토큰 계정 생성과 초기화를 자동으로 처리합니다.
Typescript
import {airdropFactory,appendTransactionMessageInstructions,createSolanaRpc,createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,createTransactionMessage,generateKeyPairSigner,getSignatureFromTransaction,lamports,pipe,sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,signTransactionMessageWithSigners} from "@solana/kit";import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";import {getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,getInitializeMintInstruction,getMintSize,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,findAssociatedTokenPda} from "@solana-program/token";// Create Connection, local validator in this exampleconst rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");// Generate keypairs for fee payerconst feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Fund fee payerawait airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({recipientAddress: feePayer.address,lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),commitment: "confirmed"});// Generate keypair to use as address of mintconst mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabledconst space = BigInt(getMintSize());// Get minimum balance for rent exemptionconst rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();// Get latest blockhash to include in transactionconst { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)// Invokes the system programconst createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: feePayer,newAccount: mint,lamports: rent,space,programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});// Instruction to initialize mint account data// Invokes the token programconst initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address,decimals: 2,mintAuthority: feePayer.address});const instructions = [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction];// Create transaction messageconst transactionMessage = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),(tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx));// Sign transaction message with all required signersconst signedTransaction =await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTransaction,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address.toString());console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature);// Use findAssociatedTokenPda to derive the ATA addressconst [associatedTokenAddress] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: feePayer.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});console.log("Associated Token Account Address:",associatedTokenAddress.toString());// Get a fresh blockhash for the second transactionconst { value: latestBlockhash2 } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();// Create instruction to create the associated token accountconst createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({payer: feePayer,mint: mint.address,owner: feePayer.address});// Create transaction messageconst transactionMessage2 = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash2, tx),(tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions([createAtaInstruction], tx));// Sign transaction message with all required signersconst signedTransaction2 =await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage2);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTransaction2,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature2 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction2);console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature2);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_sdk::{commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},system_instruction::create_account,transaction::Transaction,};use spl_associated_token_account::{get_associated_token_address_with_program_id, instruction::create_associated_token_account,};use spl_token::{id as token_program_id, instruction::initialize_mint, state::Mint};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {// Create connection to local validatorlet client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;// Generate a new keypair for the fee payerlet fee_payer = Keypair::new();// Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payerlet airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000).await?;client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;loop {let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;if confirmed {break;}}// Generate keypair to use as address of mintlet mint = Keypair::new();// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabledlet mint_space = Mint::LEN;let mint_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space).await?;// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)let create_account_instruction = create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // payer&mint.pubkey(), // new account (mint)mint_rent, // lamportsmint_space as u64, // space&token_program_id(), // program id);// Instruction to initialize mint account datalet initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(&token_program_id(),&mint.pubkey(), // mint&fee_payer.pubkey(), // mint authoritySome(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority2, // decimals)?;// Create transaction and add instructionslet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],latestBlockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionlet transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);// Get the latest blockhash for the next transactionlet latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;// Derive the associated token account address for fee_payerlet associated_token_account = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // owner&mint.pubkey(), // mint&token_program_id(), // program_id);// Instruction to create associated token accountlet create_ata_instruction = create_associated_token_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // funding address&fee_payer.pubkey(), // wallet address (owner)&mint.pubkey(), // mint address&token_program_id(), // program id);// Create transaction for associated token account creationlet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_ata_instruction],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],latestBlockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionlet transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;println!("Associated Token Account Address: {}",associated_token_account.to_string());println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);Ok(())}
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3import asynciofrom solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClientfrom solders.keypair import Keypairfrom solders.pubkey import Pubkeyfrom solders.transaction import VersionedTransactionfrom solders.message import MessageV0from spl.token.instructions import create_associated_token_account, get_associated_token_addressfrom spl.token.constants import TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_IDasync def main():rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")payer = Keypair()owner = Keypair()# Example mint address (USDC on devnet)mint_address = Pubkey.from_string("4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU")# Get associated token account addressassociated_token_account = get_associated_token_address(owner.pubkey(), mint_address)async with rpc:# Get latest blockhashrecent_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()# Create associated token account instructioncreate_token_account_instruction = create_associated_token_account(payer=payer.pubkey(),owner=owner.pubkey(),mint=mint_address,token_program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID)# Create messagemessage = MessageV0.try_compile(payer=payer.pubkey(),instructions=[create_token_account_instruction],address_lookup_table_accounts=[],recent_blockhash=recent_blockhash.value.blockhash)# Create transactiontransaction = VersionedTransaction(message, [payer])print(f"Payer: {payer.pubkey()}")print(f"Owner: {owner.pubkey()}")print(f"Associated Token Account: {associated_token_account}")print(f"Mint: {mint_address}")print(f"Associated token account created successfully")if __name__ == "__main__":asyncio.run(main())
Is this page helpful?