Harcama izinleri

Solana'nın Token Programları delegasyonu destekler—başka bir hesaba, token hesabınızdan belirli bir limite kadar token transfer etme izni vermek. Bu, fonlarınızın kontrolünden vazgeçmeden otomatik ödemeler, emanet hizmetleri ve üçüncü taraf ödeme işleme gibi kullanım senaryolarını mümkün kılar.

Delegasyon nasıl çalışır

Bir delegeyi onayladığınızda, belirli bir hesaba sizin adınıza token transfer etme yetkisi veriyorsunuz:

Sahip kontrolü elinde tutar: Tokenlar hala size aittir ve istediğiniz zaman transfer edebilir veya iptal edebilirsiniz
Sınırlı harcama: Delege yalnızca onaylanan miktara kadar transfer yapabilir
Hesap başına tek delege: Her token hesabının yalnızca bir aktif delegesi olabilir
Yeni onay eskisinin yerini alır: Yeni bir delegeyi onaylamak, öncekini otomatik olarak iptal eder

Delegasyon emanetsizdir. Delege, limite kadar token harcayabilir, ancak onaylanan miktarın ötesinde hesaba erişemez veya hesabı boşaltamaz. Sahip istediği zaman iptal edebilir.

İş kullanım senaryoları

Kullanım senaryosu	Delegasyon nasıl yardımcı olur
Ödeme işlemcileri	Satıcı, işlemciye işlemleri sonuçlandırma izni verir
Otomatik bordro	Hazine, bordro hizmetine maaşları dağıtma yetkisi verir
Emanet hizmetleri	Alıcı, koşullu serbest bırakma için emanet acentesine delege eder
Ticaret platformları	Kullanıcı, borsaya kendi adına işlem yapma yetkisi verir
Kart ihracı	Kullanıcı, kart düzenleyicisine token hesabından alışveriş yapma yetkisi verir

Bir delegeyi onaylama

Başka bir hesaba, hesabınızdan token harcama izni verin:

import { getApproveCheckedInstruction } from "@solana-program/token";

// Approve delegate to spend up to 1,000 USDC (6 decimals)
const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({
  source: tokenAccountAddress, // Your token account
  mint: usdcMintAddress, // USDC mint
  delegate: delegateAddress, // Account receiving permission
  owner: ownerKeypair, // You (must sign)
  amount: 1_000_000_000n, // 1,000 USDC in base units
  decimals: 6
});

Parametreler:

source: İzin veren token hesabı
delegate: Harcama iznine sahip olacak hesap
owner: Token hesabının mevcut sahibi (işlemi imzalamalıdır)
amount: Temsilcinin transfer edebileceği maksimum token miktarı
decimals: Doğrulama için token ondalık basamak sayısı (ondalık hataları önler)

Demo

Approve Delegate



// Generate keypairs for sender and delegate
const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);
console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);

// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token account, and fund with initial tokens
const { client, mint, senderAta } = await demoSetup(sender);

console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);

// =============================================================================
// Approve Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to approve delegate
const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  mint: mint.address,
  delegate: delegate.address,
  owner: sender,
  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals
  decimals: 6
});

// Send approve transaction
const signature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [approveInstruction]
});

console.log("\n=== Approve Delegate ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", signature);

// Fetch token account data to show delegate is set
const tokenData = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenData.data);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Approve Delegate



// Generate keypairs for sender and delegate
const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);
console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);

// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token account, and fund with initial tokens
const { client, mint, senderAta } = await demoSetup(sender);

console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);

// =============================================================================
// Approve Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to approve delegate
const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  mint: mint.address,
  delegate: delegate.address,
  owner: sender,
  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals
  decimals: 6
});

// Send approve transaction
const signature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [approveInstruction]
});

console.log("\n=== Approve Delegate ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", signature);

// Fetch token account data to show delegate is set
const tokenData = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenData.data);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Temsilciyi iptal etme

Mevcut temsilciden tüm harcama izinlerini kaldırın:

import { getRevokeInstruction } from "@solana-program/token";

const revokeInstruction = getRevokeInstruction({
  source: tokenAccountAddress, // Your token account
  owner: ownerKeypair // You (must sign)
});

İptal işlemi tüm temsilci izinlerini kaldırır—kısmi iptal yoktur. Limiti azaltmanız gerekiyorsa, aynı temsilciyi daha düşük bir miktarla onaylayın.

Demo

Revoke Delegate



// Generate keypairs for sender and delegate
const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);
console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);

// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token account, and fund with initial tokens
const { client, mint, senderAta } = await demoSetup(sender);

console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);

// =============================================================================
// Transaction 1: Approve Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to approve delegate
const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  mint: mint.address,
  delegate: delegate.address,
  owner: sender,
  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals
  decimals: 6
});

// Send approve transaction
const approveSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [approveInstruction]
});

console.log("\n=== Transaction 1: Approve Delegate ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", approveSignature);

// Fetch token account data to show delegate is set
const tokenDataAfterApprove = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenDataAfterApprove.data);

// =============================================================================
// Transaction 2: Revoke Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to revoke delegate
const revokeInstruction = getRevokeInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  owner: sender
});

// Send revoke transaction
const revokeSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [revokeInstruction]
});

console.log("\n=== Transaction 2: Revoke Delegate ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", revokeSignature);

// Fetch token account data to show delegate is revoked
const tokenDataAfterRevoke = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenDataAfterRevoke.data);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Revoke Delegate



// Generate keypairs for sender and delegate
const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);
console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);

// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token account, and fund with initial tokens
const { client, mint, senderAta } = await demoSetup(sender);

console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);

// =============================================================================
// Transaction 1: Approve Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to approve delegate
const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  mint: mint.address,
  delegate: delegate.address,
  owner: sender,
  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals
  decimals: 6
});

// Send approve transaction
const approveSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [approveInstruction]
});

console.log("\n=== Transaction 1: Approve Delegate ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", approveSignature);

// Fetch token account data to show delegate is set
const tokenDataAfterApprove = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenDataAfterApprove.data);

// =============================================================================
// Transaction 2: Revoke Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to revoke delegate
const revokeInstruction = getRevokeInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  owner: sender
});

// Send revoke transaction
const revokeSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [revokeInstruction]
});

console.log("\n=== Transaction 2: Revoke Delegate ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", revokeSignature);

// Fetch token account data to show delegate is revoked
const tokenDataAfterRevoke = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenDataAfterRevoke.data);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Temsilci olarak transfer yapma

Temsilci olarak hareket ederken, standart bir transfer kullanın ancak sahip yerine temsilci keypair ile imzalayın:

Transfer as Delegate

import { getTransferCheckedInstruction } from "@solana-program/token";

const transferInstruction = getTransferCheckedInstruction({
  source: ownerTokenAccount, // The account you have permission to spend from
  mint: usdcMintAddress,
  destination: recipientTokenAccount,
  authority: delegateKeypair, // You (the delegate) sign, not the owner
  amount: 100_000_000n, // 100 USDC
  decimals: 6
});

Transfer şu durumlarda başarılı olur:

Kaynak hesapta yeterli bakiye varsa
Temsilci işlemi imzalarsa

Her transfer kalan ödeneği azaltır. Ödenek sıfıra ulaştığında, temsilci artık token transfer edemez.

Demo

Transfer as Delegate



// Generate keypairs for sender, delegate, and recipient
const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const recipient = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);
console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);
console.log("Recipient Address:", recipient.address);

// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token accounts, and fund with initial tokens
const { client, mint, senderAta, recipientAta } = await demoSetup(
  sender,
  delegate,
  recipient
);

console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);
console.log("Recipient ATA:", recipientAta);

// =============================================================================
// Transaction 1: Approve Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to approve delegate
const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  mint: mint.address,
  delegate: delegate.address,
  owner: sender,
  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals
  decimals: 6
});

// Send approve transaction
const approveSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [approveInstruction]
});

console.log("\n=== Transaction 1: Approve Delegate ===");
console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", approveSignature);

// =============================================================================
// Fetch Token Account Data to Demonstrate Delegate is Set
// =============================================================================

const tokenAccountData = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenAccountData.data);

// =============================================================================
// Transaction 2: Transfer Using Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to transfer tokens using delegate
// Note: delegate is the authority here, not the owner
const transferInstruction = getTransferCheckedInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  mint: mint.address,
  destination: recipientAta,
  authority: delegate, // Delegate signs this transaction
  amount: 500_000n, // 0.5 tokens with 6 decimals
  decimals: 6
});

// Send transfer transaction
// Delegate pays for the transaction and authorizes the transfer (sender not needed)
const transferSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: delegate, // Delegate pays fee and signs
  instructions: [transferInstruction]
});

// =============================================================================
// Fetch Final Token Account Balances
// =============================================================================

const finalSenderToken = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
const finalRecipientToken = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, recipientAta);

console.log("\n=== Transaction 2: Transfer Using Delegate ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transferSignature);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", finalSenderToken.data);
console.log("\nRecipient Token Account Data:", finalRecipientToken.data);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Transfer as Delegate



// Generate keypairs for sender, delegate, and recipient
const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const recipient = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);
console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);
console.log("Recipient Address:", recipient.address);

// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token accounts, and fund with initial tokens
const { client, mint, senderAta, recipientAta } = await demoSetup(
  sender,
  delegate,
  recipient
);

console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);
console.log("Recipient ATA:", recipientAta);

// =============================================================================
// Transaction 1: Approve Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to approve delegate
const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  mint: mint.address,
  delegate: delegate.address,
  owner: sender,
  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals
  decimals: 6
});

// Send approve transaction
const approveSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [approveInstruction]
});

console.log("\n=== Transaction 1: Approve Delegate ===");
console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);
console.log("Transaction Signature:", approveSignature);

// =============================================================================
// Fetch Token Account Data to Demonstrate Delegate is Set
// =============================================================================

const tokenAccountData = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenAccountData.data);

// =============================================================================
// Transaction 2: Transfer Using Delegate
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to transfer tokens using delegate
// Note: delegate is the authority here, not the owner
const transferInstruction = getTransferCheckedInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  mint: mint.address,
  destination: recipientAta,
  authority: delegate, // Delegate signs this transaction
  amount: 500_000n, // 0.5 tokens with 6 decimals
  decimals: 6
});

// Send transfer transaction
// Delegate pays for the transaction and authorizes the transfer (sender not needed)
const transferSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: delegate, // Delegate pays fee and signs
  instructions: [transferInstruction]
});

// =============================================================================
// Fetch Final Token Account Balances
// =============================================================================

const finalSenderToken = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);
const finalRecipientToken = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, recipientAta);

console.log("\n=== Transaction 2: Transfer Using Delegate ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", transferSignature);
console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", finalSenderToken.data);
console.log("\nRecipient Token Account Data:", finalRecipientToken.data);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Temsilci durumunu kontrol etme

Bir token hesabını sorgulayarak mevcut temsilcisini ve kalan limitini görün:

import { fetchToken } from "@solana-program/token";

const tokenAccount = await fetchToken(rpc, tokenAccountAddress);

if (tokenAccount.data.delegate) {
  console.log("Delegate:", tokenAccount.data.delegate);
  console.log("Remaining allowance:", tokenAccount.data.delegatedAmount);
} else {
  console.log("No delegate set");
}

Demo

Check Delegation Status



// Demo Setup: Create client, mint, two token accounts (one with delegate, one without)
const { client, ataWithDelegate, ataWithoutDelegate } = await demoSetup();

// =============================================================================
// Fetch Token Accounts
// =============================================================================

// Fetch token account with delegate
const tokenWithDelegate = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, ataWithDelegate);
console.log("Token Account with Delegate:", tokenWithDelegate);

// Fetch token account without delegate
const tokenWithoutDelegate = await fetchToken(
  client.runtime.rpc,
  ataWithoutDelegate
);
console.log("\nToken Account without Delegate:", tokenWithoutDelegate);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Check Delegation Status



// Demo Setup: Create client, mint, two token accounts (one with delegate, one without)
const { client, ataWithDelegate, ataWithoutDelegate } = await demoSetup();

// =============================================================================
// Fetch Token Accounts
// =============================================================================

// Fetch token account with delegate
const tokenWithDelegate = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, ataWithDelegate);
console.log("Token Account with Delegate:", tokenWithDelegate);

// Fetch token account without delegate
const tokenWithoutDelegate = await fetchToken(
  client.runtime.rpc,
  ataWithoutDelegate
);
console.log("\nToken Account without Delegate:", tokenWithoutDelegate);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Güvenlik hususları

Hesap sahipleri için:

Yalnızca güvenilir temsilcileri onaylayın
Gerekli minimum harcama limitini belirleyin
Artık ihtiyaç duyulmadığında temsilci yetkilerini iptal edin
Beklenmeyen transferler için hesaplarınızı izleyin

Hizmet sağlayıcılar (temsilciler) için:

Talep edilen harcama limitini kullanıcılara açıkça iletin
Temsilci hesabınız için uygun anahtar yönetimi uygulayın
Limitler tükenmeden önce yeniden onay talep etmek için ödenek tüketimini takip edin

Temsilci yetkisi ile saklama karşılaştırması

Özellik	Temsilci yetkisi	Tam saklama
Token sahipliği	Kullanıcıda kalır	Kullanıcı saklayıcıya transfer eder
Harcama kontrolü	Onaylanan tutarla sınırlı	Transfer edilen fonlara tam erişim
İptal	Anında, sahip tarafından	Saklayıcının işbirliği gerektirir
Risk maruziyeti	Onaylanan tutarla sınırlı	Tüm bakiye
Gereken güven	Sınırlı	Yüksek

Temsilci yetkisi bir orta yol sağlar—otomatik ödemeleri mümkün kılarken risk maruziyetini onaylanan tutarla sınırlar.

İlgili kaynaklar

Kaynak	Açıklama
Temsilci onaylama	Başka bir hesaba token hesabınızdan harcama izni verme.
Temsilci yetkisini iptal etme	Mevcut bir temsilciyi kaldırma ve harcama izinlerini iptal etme.
Token transferi	Token hesapları arasında token transferi yapma.

İçindekiler