Tài liệu SolanaToken trên SolanaCơ bản

Thiết lập quyền hạn

Hiểu về quyền hạn Token

Quyền hạn của Mint Account

  • Mint Authority: Kiểm soát việc tạo ra token mới. Có thể mint token vào bất kỳ token account nào. Thường bị thu hồi sau khi lượng cung ban đầu được tạo ra để tạo token có lượng cung cố định.
  • Freeze Authority: Kiểm soát khả năng đóng băng và giải đóng token account. Có thể ngăn bất kỳ token account nào chuyển token. Thường bị thu hồi để đảm bảo với người dùng rằng token của họ không thể bị đóng băng.

Quyền hạn của Token Account

  • Account Owner: Có toàn quyền kiểm soát token account. Có thể chuyển token, đốt token, phê duyệt ủy quyền và đóng tài khoản khi số dư bằng không.
  • Close Authority: Có thể đóng token account khi số dư bằng không. Theo mặc định, đây là chủ sở hữu tài khoản nhưng có thể được ủy quyền cho một tài khoản khác.

Cách thiết lập quyền hạn

Lệnh SetAuthority thay đổi hoặc thu hồi quyền hạn trên mint và token account. Chỉ có quyền hạn hiện tại mới có thể chuyển quyền của họ sang một địa chỉ mới hoặc thu hồi vĩnh viễn bằng cách đặt quyền hạn thành null. Một khi bị thu hồi, quyền hạn không thể được khôi phục.

Token Program và Token Extension Program có cách triển khai tương tự nhau để đạt được cùng một chức năng.

Typescript

import {

  airdropFactory,

  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,

  createSolanaRpc,

  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,

  createTransactionMessage,

  generateKeyPairSigner,

  getSignatureFromTransaction,

  lamports,

  pipe,

  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,

  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,

  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,

  signTransactionMessageWithSigners

} from "@solana/kit";

import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";

import {

  getInitializeMintInstruction,

  getMintSize,

  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,

  findAssociatedTokenPda,

  getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,

  getSetAuthorityInstruction,

  AuthorityType

} from "@solana-program/token";



// Create Connection, local validator in this example

const rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");

const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");



// Generate keypairs for fee payer and new authority

const feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();

const newAuthority = await generateKeyPairSigner();



// Fund fee payer

await airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({

  recipientAddress: feePayer.address,

  lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),

  commitment: "confirmed"

});



// Generate keypair to use as address of mint

const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();



// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled

const space = BigInt(getMintSize());



// Get minimum balance for rent exemption

const rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();



// Get latest blockhash to include in transaction

const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();



// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)

// Invokes the system program

const createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({

  payer: feePayer,

  newAccount: mint,

  lamports: rent,

  space,

  programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS

});



// Instruction to initialize mint account data

// Invokes the token program

const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({

  mint: mint.address,

  decimals: 9,

  mintAuthority: feePayer.address,

  freezeAuthority: feePayer.address

});



// Use findAssociatedTokenPda to derive the ATA address

const [associatedTokenAddress] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({

  mint: mint.address,

  owner: feePayer.address,

  tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS

});



// Create instruction to create the associated token account

const createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({

  payer: feePayer,

  mint: mint.address,

  owner: feePayer.address

});



const instructions = [

  createAccountInstruction,

  initializeMintInstruction,

  createAtaInstruction

];



// Create transaction message

const transactionMessage = pipe(

  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),

  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),

  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),

  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx)

);



// Sign transaction message with all required signers

const signedTransaction =

  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);



// Send and confirm transaction

await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(

  signedTransaction,

  { commitment: "confirmed" }

);



// Get transaction signature

const transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);



console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address.toString());

console.log("New Authority Address:", newAuthority.address.toString());

console.log(

  "Associated Token Account Address:",

  associatedTokenAddress.toString()

);

console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", transactionSignature);



// Get a fresh blockhash for the authority change transaction

const { value: authorityBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();



// 1. Change Mint Authority (MintTokens)

const setMintAuthorityIx = getSetAuthorityInstruction({

  owned: mint.address,

  owner: feePayer,

  authorityType: AuthorityType.MintTokens,

  newAuthority: newAuthority.address

});



// 2. Change Freeze Authority (FreezeAccount)

const setFreezeAuthorityIx = getSetAuthorityInstruction({

  owned: mint.address,

  owner: feePayer,

  authorityType: AuthorityType.FreezeAccount,

  newAuthority: newAuthority.address

});



// Create transaction message for authority changes

const authorityTxMessage = pipe(

  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),

  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),

  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(authorityBlockhash, tx),

  (tx) =>

    appendTransactionMessageInstructions(

      [setMintAuthorityIx, setFreezeAuthorityIx],

      tx

    )

);



// Sign transaction message with all required signers

const signedAuthorityTx =

  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(authorityTxMessage);



// Send and confirm transaction

await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(

  signedAuthorityTx,

  { commitment: "confirmed" }

);



// Get transaction signature

const transactionSignature2 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedAuthorityTx);



console.log("\nSuccessfully changed mint and freeze authorities");

console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature2);



// Get a fresh blockhash for the revoke transaction

const { value: revokeBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();



// 3. Example of revoking authority (setting to null)

const revokeMintAuthorityIx = getSetAuthorityInstruction({

  owned: mint.address,

  owner: newAuthority,

  authorityType: AuthorityType.MintTokens,

  newAuthority: null

});



// Create transaction message for revoking

const revokeTxMessage = pipe(

  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),

  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),

  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(revokeBlockhash, tx),

  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions([revokeMintAuthorityIx], tx)

);



// Sign transaction message with all required signers (newAuthority needs to sign)

const signedRevokeTx = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(revokeTxMessage);



// Send and confirm transaction

await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(

  signedRevokeTx,

  { commitment: "confirmed" }

);



// Get transaction signature

const transactionSignature3 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedRevokeTx);



console.log("\nSuccessfully revoked mint authority");

console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature3);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Rust

Rust
use anyhow::Result;

use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;

use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;

use solana_sdk::{

    program_pack::Pack,

    signature::{Keypair, Signer},

    transaction::Transaction,

};

use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;

use spl_token_interface::{

    id as token_program_id,

    instruction::{initialize_mint, set_authority, AuthorityType},

    state::Mint,

};



#[tokio::main]

async fn main() -> Result<()> {

    // Create connection to local validator

    let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(

        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),

        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),

    );

    let latest_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;



    // Generate a new keypair for the fee payer

    let fee_payer = Keypair::new();



    // Generate a new keypair for the new authority

    let new_authority = Keypair::new();



    // Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payer

    let airdrop_signature = client

        .request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000)

        .await?;

    client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;



    loop {

        let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;

        if confirmed {

            break;

        }

    }



    // Generate keypair to use as address of mint

    let mint = Keypair::new();



    // Number of decimals for the mint

    let decimals = 2;



    // Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabled

    let mint_space = Mint::LEN;

    let mint_rent = client

        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)

        .await?;



    // Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)

    let create_account_instruction = create_account(

        &fee_payer.pubkey(), // payer

        &mint.pubkey(),      // new account (mint)

        mint_rent,           // lamports

        mint_space as u64,   // space

        &token_program_id(), // program id

    );



    // Instruction to initialize mint account data

    let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(

        &token_program_id(),

        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // mint authority

        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority

        decimals,                  // decimals

    )?;



    // Create transaction and add instructions

    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],

        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),

        &[&fee_payer, &mint],

        latest_blockhash,

    );



    // Send and confirm transaction

    client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;



    let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;

    let mint_data = Mint::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;



    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());

    println!("{:#?}", mint_data);



    // 1. Change Mint Authority (MintTokens)

    let set_mint_authority_ix = set_authority(

        &token_program_id(),           // program id

        &mint.pubkey(),                // mint account

        Some(&new_authority.pubkey()), // new authority

        AuthorityType::MintTokens,     // authority type

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),           // current authority

        &[&fee_payer.pubkey()],        // signers

    )?;



    // 2. Change Freeze Authority (FreezeAccount)

    let set_freeze_authority_ix = set_authority(

        &token_program_id(),           // program id

        &mint.pubkey(),                // mint account

        Some(&new_authority.pubkey()), // new authority

        AuthorityType::FreezeAccount,  // authority type

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),           // current authority

        &[&fee_payer.pubkey()],        // signers

    )?;



    // Create transaction for authority changes

    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &[set_mint_authority_ix, set_freeze_authority_ix],

        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),

        &[&fee_payer],

        latest_blockhash,

    );



    // Send and confirm transaction

    client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;



    let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;

    let mint_data = Mint::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;

    println!("\nMint and Freeze Authorities Updated");

    println!("{:#?}", mint_data);



    // 3. Example of revoking authority (setting to null)

    let revoke_mint_authority_ix = set_authority(

        &token_program_id(),        // program id

        &mint.pubkey(),             // mint account

        None,                       // new authority (None to revoke)

        AuthorityType::MintTokens,  // authority type

        &new_authority.pubkey(),    // current authority

        &[&new_authority.pubkey()], // signers

    )?;



    // Create transaction for revoking

    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &[revoke_mint_authority_ix],

        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),

        &[&fee_payer, &new_authority], // new_authority needs to sign

        latest_blockhash,

    );



    // Send and confirm transaction

    client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;



    let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;

    let mint_data = Mint::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;

    println!("\nMint Authority Revoked");

    println!("{:#?}", mint_data);



    Ok(())

}
Console
Click to execute the code.

Python

Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3



import asyncio

from solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClient

from solders.keypair import Keypair

from solders.pubkey import Pubkey

from solders.transaction import VersionedTransaction

from solders.message import MessageV0

from spl.token.instructions import set_authority, SetAuthorityParams

from spl.token.constants import TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID

from spl.token.instructions import AuthorityType



async def main():

    rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")



    # Example keypairs and addresses

    payer = Keypair()

    current_authority = Keypair()

    new_authority = Keypair()

    mint_or_account = Pubkey.from_string("4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU")



    async with rpc:

        # Set new mint authority

        set_mint_authority_instruction = set_authority(

            SetAuthorityParams(

                program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,

                account=mint_or_account,

                authority=AuthorityType.MINT_TOKENS,

                current_authority=current_authority.pubkey(),

                new_authority=new_authority.pubkey()

            )

        )



        # Get latest blockhash

        recent_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()



        # Create message

        message = MessageV0.try_compile(

            payer=payer.pubkey(),

            instructions=[set_mint_authority_instruction],

            address_lookup_table_accounts=[],

            recent_blockhash=recent_blockhash.value.blockhash

        )



        # Create transaction

        transaction = VersionedTransaction(message, [payer, current_authority])



        print(f"Account/Mint: {mint_or_account}")

        print(f"Current Authority: {current_authority.pubkey()}")

        print(f"New Authority: {new_authority.pubkey()}")

        print(f"Authority Type: MintTokens")

        print(f"Payer: {payer.pubkey()}")

        print(f"Set authority transaction created successfully")



async def set_freeze_authority_example():

    """Example of setting freeze authority"""

    rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")



    payer = Keypair()

    current_authority = Keypair()

    new_authority = Keypair()

    mint_address = Pubkey.from_string("4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU")



    async with rpc:

        # Set freeze authority

        set_freeze_authority_instruction = set_authority(

            SetAuthorityParams(

                program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,

                account=mint_address,

                authority=AuthorityType.FREEZE_ACCOUNT,

                current_authority=current_authority.pubkey(),

                new_authority=new_authority.pubkey()

            )

        )



        recent_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()

        message = MessageV0.try_compile(

            payer=payer.pubkey(),

            instructions=[set_freeze_authority_instruction],

            address_lookup_table_accounts=[],

            recent_blockhash=recent_blockhash.value.blockhash

        )



        transaction = VersionedTransaction(message, [payer, current_authority])



        print(f"\nFreeze Authority Example:")

        print(f"Mint: {mint_address}")

        print(f"Current Freeze Authority: {current_authority.pubkey()}")

        print(f"New Freeze Authority: {new_authority.pubkey()}")

        print(f"Set freeze authority transaction created successfully")



if __name__ == "__main__":

    asyncio.run(main())

    asyncio.run(set_freeze_authority_example())
Console
Click to execute the code.

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