Immutable Owner

What Is Immutable Owner?

The Token Extension Program's ImmutableOwner account extension makes a token account's owner permanent.

Once a token account is initialized with ImmutableOwner, later SetAuthority instructions cannot change its AccountOwner authority.

Associated Token Accounts

Associated token accounts created through the Associated Token Program for the Token Extension Program automatically initialize ImmutableOwner on the token account.

How to Initialize an Immutable Owner Account

To initialize an immutable owner account:

  1. Create and initialize a mint.
  2. Create a token account with enough space for ImmutableOwner.
  3. Initialize ImmutableOwner on the token account before InitializeAccount.
  4. Attempting to change the account owner later with SetAuthority fails with TokenError::ImmutableOwner.

Calculate token account size

Calculate the token account size for the base token account plus the ImmutableOwner extension. This is the size used in CreateAccount.

Example
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: mint,
lamports: mintRent,
space: mintSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address,
decimals: 0,
mintAuthority: client.payer.address,
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));

Calculate rent

Calculate rent using the token account size needed for the ImmutableOwner extension.

Example
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: mint,
lamports: mintRent,
space: mintSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address,
decimals: 0,
mintAuthority: client.payer.address,
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));
const tokenRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenSpace)
.send();

Create the token account

Create the token account with the calculated space and lamports.

Example
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: mint,
lamports: mintRent,
space: mintSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address,
decimals: 0,
mintAuthority: client.payer.address,
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));
const tokenRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: tokenAccount,
lamports: tokenRent,
space: tokenSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
})
]);

Initialize ImmutableOwner

Initialize the ImmutableOwner extension on the token account.

Example
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: mint,
lamports: mintRent,
space: mintSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address,
decimals: 0,
mintAuthority: client.payer.address,
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));
const tokenRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: tokenAccount,
lamports: tokenRent,
space: tokenSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction({
account: tokenAccount.address
})
]);

Initialize the token account

Initialize the token account with InitializeAccount in the same transaction.

Example
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: mint,
lamports: mintRent,
space: mintSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address,
decimals: 0,
mintAuthority: client.payer.address,
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));
const tokenRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: tokenAccount,
lamports: tokenRent,
space: tokenSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction({
account: tokenAccount.address
}),
getInitializeAccountInstruction({
account: tokenAccount.address,
mint: mint.address,
owner: client.payer.address
})
]);

Calculate token account size

Calculate the token account size for the base token account plus the ImmutableOwner extension. This is the size used in CreateAccount.

Calculate rent

Calculate rent using the token account size needed for the ImmutableOwner extension.

Create the token account

Create the token account with the calculated space and lamports.

Initialize ImmutableOwner

Initialize the ImmutableOwner extension on the token account.

Initialize the token account

Initialize the token account with InitializeAccount in the same transaction.

Example
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer,
newAccount: mint,
lamports: mintRent,
space: mintSpace,
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address,
decimals: 0,
mintAuthority: client.payer.address,
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));

Instruction Order

InitializeImmutableOwner must come before InitializeAccount. CreateAccount, InitializeImmutableOwner, and InitializeAccount must be included in the same transaction.

Source Reference

ItemDescriptionSource
ImmutableOwnerAccount extension that marks a token account owner as immutable.Source
InitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction that initializes the immutable-owner extension on an uninitialized token account.Source
process_initialize_immutable_ownerProcessor logic that allocates and initializes ImmutableOwner on the account.Source
SetAuthorityBase token instruction used to change authorities, including a token account owner.Source
process_set_authorityProcessor logic that rejects owner changes when the token account has ImmutableOwner enabled.Source

Typescript

The Kit example below uses the generated instructions directly. Legacy examples using @solana/web3.js and @solana/spl-token are included for reference.

Kit

Instructions
import {
lamports,
createClient,
generateKeyPairSigner,
unwrapOption
} from "@solana/kit";
import { solanaRpc, rpcAirdrop } from "@solana/kit-plugin-rpc";
import { generatedPayer, airdropPayer } from "@solana/kit-plugin-signer";
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";
import {
AuthorityType,
extension,
fetchToken,
getInitializeAccountInstruction,
getInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction,
getInitializeMintInstruction,
getMintSize,
getSetAuthorityInstruction,
getTokenSize,
isExtension,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
} from "@solana-program/token-2022";
const client = await createClient()
.use(generatedPayer())
.use(
solanaRpc({
rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",
rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"
})
)
.use(rpcAirdrop())
.use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const tokenAccount = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const newOwner = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize());
const mintRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer, // Account funding the new mint account.
newAccount: mint, // New mint account to create.
lamports: mintRent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.
space: mintSpace, // Account size in bytes for the mint.
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS // Program that owns the mint account.
}),
getInitializeMintInstruction({
mint: mint.address, // Mint account to initialize.
decimals: 0, // Number of decimals for the token.
mintAuthority: client.payer.address, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.
freezeAuthority: client.payer.address // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.
})
]);
const immutableOwnerExtension = extension("ImmutableOwner", {});
const tokenSpace = BigInt(getTokenSize([immutableOwnerExtension]));
const tokenRent = await client.rpc
.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenSpace)
.send();
await client.sendTransaction([
getCreateAccountInstruction({
payer: client.payer, // Account funding the new token account.
newAccount: tokenAccount, // New token account to create.
lamports: tokenRent, // Lamports funding the token account rent.
space: tokenSpace, // Account size in bytes for the token account plus ImmutableOwner.
programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS // Program that owns the token account.
}),
getInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction({
account: tokenAccount.address // Token account that stores the ImmutableOwner extension.
}),
getInitializeAccountInstruction({
account: tokenAccount.address, // Token account to initialize.
mint: mint.address, // Mint for the token account.
owner: client.payer.address // Owner of the token account.
})
]);
let failure: string | undefined;
try {
await client.sendTransaction([
getSetAuthorityInstruction({
owned: tokenAccount.address, // Token account whose authority is being updated.
owner: client.payer, // Current token account owner signing the instruction.
authorityType: AuthorityType.AccountOwner, // Account authority field to change.
newAuthority: newOwner.address // New token account owner to set.
})
]);
} catch (error) {
failure = String(error);
}
if (!failure) {
throw new Error("Expected the owner change to fail");
}
const token = await fetchToken(client.rpc, tokenAccount.address);
const immutableOwnerExtensionState = (
unwrapOption(token.data.extensions) ?? []
).find((item) => isExtension("ImmutableOwner", item));
console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("Token Account:", tokenAccount.address);
console.log("ImmutableOwner Extension:", immutableOwnerExtensionState);
console.log("SetAuthority Failure:", failure);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Web3.js

Instructions
import {
Connection,
Keypair,
sendAndConfirmTransaction,
SystemProgram,
Transaction,
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
AuthorityType,
createInitializeMintInstruction,
createInitializeAccountInstruction,
createInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction,
createSetAuthorityInstruction,
ExtensionType,
getAccount,
getAccountLen,
getImmutableOwner,
getMintLen,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
} from "@solana/spl-token";
const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");
const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
const newOwner = Keypair.generate();
const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
feePayer.publicKey,
5 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
);
const latestBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();
await connection.confirmTransaction({
blockhash: latestBlockhash.blockhash,
lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockhash.lastValidBlockHeight,
signature: airdropSignature
});
const mint = Keypair.generate();
const mintLength = getMintLen([]);
const mintRent = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLength);
const extensions = [ExtensionType.ImmutableOwner];
const tokenAccount = new Keypair();
const tokenAccountLen = getAccountLen(extensions);
const tokenAccountRent =
await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(tokenAccountLen);
const createMintAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the new mint account.
newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey, // New mint account to create.
space: mintLength, // Account size in bytes for the mint.
lamports: mintRent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.
programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the mint account.
});
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
mint.publicKey, // Mint account to initialize.
0, // Number of decimals for the token.
feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.
feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the mint account.
);
const createTokenAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the new token account.
newAccountPubkey: tokenAccount.publicKey, // New token account to create.
space: tokenAccountLen, // Account size in bytes for the token account plus ImmutableOwner.
lamports: tokenAccountRent, // Lamports funding the token account rent.
programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the token account.
});
const initializeImmutableOwnerInstruction =
createInitializeImmutableOwnerInstruction(
tokenAccount.publicKey, // Token account that stores the ImmutableOwner extension.
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the token account.
);
const initializeTokenAccountInstruction = createInitializeAccountInstruction(
tokenAccount.publicKey, // Token account to initialize.
mint.publicKey, // Mint for the token account.
feePayer.publicKey, // Owner of the token account.
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the token account.
);
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
new Transaction().add(
createMintAccountInstruction,
initializeMintInstruction
),
[feePayer, mint]
);
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
new Transaction().add(
createTokenAccountInstruction,
initializeImmutableOwnerInstruction,
initializeTokenAccountInstruction
),
[feePayer, tokenAccount]
);
let failure: string | undefined;
try {
await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
connection,
new Transaction().add(
createSetAuthorityInstruction(
tokenAccount.publicKey, // Token account whose authority is being updated.
feePayer.publicKey, // Current token account owner signing the instruction.
AuthorityType.AccountOwner, // Account authority field to change.
newOwner.publicKey, // New token account owner to set.
[], // Additional multisig signers.
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the token account.
)
),
[feePayer]
);
} catch (error) {
failure = String(error);
}
if (!failure) {
throw new Error("Expected the owner change to fail");
}
const tokenAccountData = await getAccount(
connection,
tokenAccount.publicKey,
"confirmed",
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);
const immutableOwnerExtension = getImmutableOwner(tokenAccountData);
console.log("Mint Address:", mint.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log("Token Account:", tokenAccount.publicKey.toBase58());
console.log("ImmutableOwner Extension:", immutableOwnerExtension);
console.log("SetAuthority Failure:", failure);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Rust

Rust
use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::{
program_pack::Pack,
signature::{Keypair, Signer},
transaction::Transaction,
};
use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;
use spl_token_2022_interface::{
extension::{
immutable_owner::ImmutableOwner, BaseStateWithExtensions, ExtensionType,
StateWithExtensions,
},
instruction::{
initialize_account, initialize_immutable_owner, initialize_mint, set_authority,
AuthorityType,
},
state::{Account, Mint},
ID as TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
};
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
);
let fee_payer = Keypair::new();
let airdrop_signature = client
.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 5_000_000_000)
.await?;
loop {
let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;
if confirmed {
break;
}
}
let mint = Keypair::new();
let mint_space = Mint::LEN;
let mint_rent = client
.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)
.await?;
let create_mint_account_instruction = create_account(
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the new mint account.
&mint.pubkey(), // New mint account to create.
mint_rent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.
mint_space as u64, // Account size in bytes for the mint.
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the mint account.
);
let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the mint account.
&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account to initialize.
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.
Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.
0, // Number of decimals for the token.
)?;
let token_account = Keypair::new();
let token_account_space =
ExtensionType::try_calculate_account_len::<Account>(&[ExtensionType::ImmutableOwner])?;
let token_account_rent = client
.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(token_account_space)
.await?;
let create_token_account_instruction = create_account(
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the new token account.
&token_account.pubkey(), // New token account to create.
token_account_rent, // Lamports funding the token account rent.
token_account_space as u64, // Account size in bytes for the token account plus ImmutableOwner.
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the token account.
);
let initialize_token_account = initialize_account(
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.
&token_account.pubkey(), // Token account to initialize.
&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the token account.
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Owner of the token account.
)?;
let init_immutable_owner_instruction =
initialize_immutable_owner(
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.
&token_account.pubkey(), // Token account that stores the ImmutableOwner extension.
)?;
let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
&[
create_mint_account_instruction,
initialize_mint_instruction,
create_token_account_instruction,
init_immutable_owner_instruction,
initialize_token_account,
],
Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
&[&fee_payer, &mint, &token_account],
client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,
);
client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;
let token_account_data = client.get_account(&token_account.pubkey()).await?;
let token_account_state = StateWithExtensions::<Account>::unpack(&token_account_data.data)?;
let new_owner = Keypair::new();
let set_authority_instruction = set_authority(
&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.
&token_account.pubkey(), // Token account whose authority is being updated.
Some(&new_owner.pubkey()), // New token account owner to set.
AuthorityType::AccountOwner, // Account authority field to change.
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Current token account owner signing the instruction.
&[], // Additional multisig signers.
)?;
let set_authority_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
&[set_authority_instruction],
Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
&[&fee_payer],
client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,
);
let failure = match client
.send_and_confirm_transaction(&set_authority_transaction)
.await
{
Ok(sig) => return Err(anyhow!("Expected the owner change to fail: {}", sig)),
Err(e) => format!("{:#?}", e),
};
let immutable_owner_extension = token_account_state.get_extension::<ImmutableOwner>()?;
println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
println!("Token Account: {}", token_account.pubkey());
println!("ImmutableOwner Extension: {:#?}", immutable_owner_extension);
println!("SetAuthority Failure: {}", failure);
Ok(())
}
Console
Click to execute the code.

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