Mollusk

Mollusk on kevyt testaustyökalu Solana-ohjelmien testaamiseen. Se tarjoaa yksinkertaisen käyttöliittymän Solana-ohjelmien käskyjen testaamiseen minimoidussa Solana Virtual Machine (SVM) -ympäristössä. Kaikki testitilit on määriteltävä erikseen, mikä varmistaa deterministiset ja toistettavat testit.

Asennus

Lisää mollusk-svm riippuvuudeksi tiedostoon Cargo.toml:

Terminal

$ cargo add mollusk-svm --dev

Cargo.toml

[dev-dependencies]
mollusk-svm = "0.5"

Laskentayksiköiden käytön mittaamiseksi lisää mollusk-svm-bencher riippuvuudeksi tiedostoon Cargo.toml:

Terminal

$ cargo add mollusk-svm-bencher --dev

Cargo.toml

[dev-dependencies]
mollusk-svm-bencher = "0.5"

Käyttääksesi Token Program -ohjelmaa, token2022-ohjelmaa (Token Extensions) ja Associated Token Program -ohjelmaa Molluskin kanssa testaamiseen, lisää mollusk-svm-programs-token riippuvuudeksi tiedostoon Cargo.toml:

Terminal

$ cargo add mollusk-svm-programs-token --dev

Cargo.toml

[dev-dependencies]
mollusk-svm-programs-token = "0.5"

Mollusk SVM

Seuraava esimerkki näyttää minimaalisen asetuksen perus-Solana-ohjelman testaamiseen Molluskin avulla.

Hello World -ohjelma

Tämä esimerkki havainnollistaa, miten testataan perus-Solana-ohjelmaa Molluskin avulla. Ohjelma yksinkertaisesti tulostaa "Hello, world!" ohjelman lokeihin, kun sitä kutsutaan.

Komennon cargo build-sbf suorittaminen luo käännetyn ohjelman sijaintiin /target/deploy/<program_name>.so.

src/lib.rs

use solana_program::{
    account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint, entrypoint::ProgramResult, msg, pubkey::Pubkey,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

pub fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    _accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    _instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    msg!("Hello, world!");
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk};
    use solana_sdk::{instruction::Instruction, pubkey::Pubkey};

    #[test]
    fn test_hello_world() {
        let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
        let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/hello_world");

        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![]);

        mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &[], &[Check::success()]);
    }
}

Solana-ohjelman testaamiseksi Molluskilla:

Luo Mollusk instanssi - Alusta Mollusk ohjelmatunnuksella ja käännetyn ohjelman polulla (.so tiedosto)
Rakenna käsky - Luo käsky ohjelman kutsumiseksi
Käsittele ja validoi - Käsittele käsky Molluskin avulla ja validoi tulos

src/lib.rs

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk};
    use solana_sdk::{instruction::Instruction, pubkey::Pubkey};

    #[test]
    fn test_hello_world() {
        let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
        let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/hello_world");

        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![]);

        mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &[], &[Check::success()]);
    }
}

Suorittaaksesi testin, aja cargo test.

Kun testi suoritetaan onnistuneesti, näet seuraavankaltaisen tulosteen:

Terminal

running 1 test
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.427685000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs invoke [1]
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429669000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program log: Hello, world!
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429690000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs consumed 211 of 1400000 compute units
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429726000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs success
test tests::test_hello_world ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.02s

   Doc-tests hello_world

Hello World -ohjelma

Tämä esimerkki havainnollistaa, miten testataan perus-Solana-ohjelmaa Molluskin avulla. Ohjelma yksinkertaisesti tulostaa "Hello, world!" ohjelman lokeihin, kun sitä kutsutaan.

Komennon cargo build-sbf suorittaminen luo käännetyn ohjelman sijaintiin /target/deploy/<program_name>.so.

Solana-ohjelman testaamiseksi Molluskilla:

Luo Mollusk instanssi - Alusta Mollusk ohjelmatunnuksella ja käännetyn ohjelman polulla (.so tiedosto)
Rakenna käsky - Luo käsky ohjelman kutsumiseksi
Käsittele ja validoi - Käsittele käsky Molluskin avulla ja validoi tulos

src/lib.rs

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk};
    use solana_sdk::{instruction::Instruction, pubkey::Pubkey};

    #[test]
    fn test_hello_world() {
        let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
        let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/hello_world");

        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![]);

        mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &[], &[Check::success()]);
    }
}

Suorittaaksesi testin, aja cargo test.

Kun testi suoritetaan onnistuneesti, näet seuraavankaltaisen tulosteen:

Terminal

running 1 test
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.427685000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs invoke [1]
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429669000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program log: Hello, world!
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429690000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs consumed 211 of 1400000 compute units
[2025-09-22T19:25:50.429726000Z DEBUG solana_runtime::message_processor::stable_log] Program 11157t3sqMV725NVRLrVQbAu98Jjfk1uCKehJnXXQs success
test tests::test_hello_world ... ok

test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.02s

   Doc-tests hello_world

lib.rs

hello_world.so

Cargo.toml

use solana_program::{
    account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint, entrypoint::ProgramResult, msg, pubkey::Pubkey,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

pub fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    _accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    _instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    msg!("Hello, world!");
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk};
    use solana_sdk::{instruction::Instruction, pubkey::Pubkey};

    #[test]
    fn test_hello_world() {
        let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
        let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/hello_world");

        let instruction = Instruction::new_with_bytes(program_id, &[], vec![]);

        mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &[], &[Check::success()]);
    }
}

Mollusk -rakenne tarjoaa yksinkertaisen rajapinnan Solana-ohjelmien testaamiseen. Kaikkia kenttiä voidaan muokata muutaman apumetodin avulla, mutta käyttäjät voivat myös suoraan käyttää ja muokata niitä, jos he haluavat enemmän hallintaa.

Alustaaksesi Molluskin oletusinstanssilla käytä Mollusk::default -metodia.

Example

// Default instance with no custom programs
let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

Alustaaksesi Molluskin tietyllä ohjelmalla käytä Mollusk::new -metodia.

Example

// Initialize Mollusk with a specific program from a file path
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();
let mollusk = Mollusk::new(&program_id, "target/deploy/my_program");

Lisätäksesi ohjelman Molluskiin käytä Mollusk::add_program -metodia.

Example

let mollusk = Mollusk::default();
let program_id = Pubkey::new_unique();

// Add a program to Mollusk
mollusk.add_program(
    &program_id,
    "target/deploy/my_program",
    &bpf_loader_upgradeable::id(),
);

Kun annat tiedostopolun, älä sisällytä .so -päätettä. Esimerkiksi "path/to/my_program" on oikein, mutta "path/to/my_program.so" ei ole.

Ohjeiden käsittely

Mollusk tarjoaa neljä päämetodia ohjeiden käsittelyyn:

Metodi	Kuvaus
`process_instruction`	Käsittelee ohjeen ja palauttaa tuloksen.
`process_and_validate_instruction`	Käsittelee ohjeen ja suorittaa sarjan tarkistuksia tulokselle, kaatuen jos jokin tarkistus epäonnistuu.
`process_instruction_chain`	Käsittelee useita ohjeita ja palauttaa tuloksen.
`process_and_validate_instruction_chain`	Käsittelee useita ohjeita ja suorittaa sarjan tarkistuksia jokaiselle tulokselle, kaatuen jos jokin tarkistus epäonnistuu.

InstructionResult sisältää käsitellyn ohjeen tiedot.

Yksittäinen ohje

Käytä process_instruction -metodia käsitelläksesi yksittäisen ohjeen ilman tarkistuksia tulokselle. Voit manuaalisesti validoida tulokset käsittelyn jälkeen.

Method Signature

pub fn process_instruction(
    &self,
    instruction: &Instruction,
    accounts: &[(Pubkey, Account)],
) -> InstructionResult

Seuraava esimerkki käsittelee SOL-siirto-ohjeen ilman validointitarkistuksia.

Alla olevat esimerkit suorittavat Molluskin main funktiossa havainnollistamistarkoituksessa. Käytännössä käytät Molluskia tyypillisesti testimoduulissa, joka on merkitty #[test] attribuutilla.

Single Instruction

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Set up accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;
    let transfer_amount = 250_000;

    // Create transfer instruction
    let instruction = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &recipient, transfer_amount);

    // Define initial account states
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            recipient,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Process the instruction
    let result = mollusk.process_instruction(&instruction, &accounts);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Check the result
    assert!(result.program_result.is_ok());
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&sender).unwrap().lamports, 750_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&recipient).unwrap().lamports, 250_000);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Single Instruction

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Set up accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;
    let transfer_amount = 250_000;

    // Create transfer instruction
    let instruction = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &recipient, transfer_amount);

    // Define initial account states
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            recipient,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Process the instruction
    let result = mollusk.process_instruction(&instruction, &accounts);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Check the result
    assert!(result.program_result.is_ok());
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&sender).unwrap().lamports, 750_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&recipient).unwrap().lamports, 250_000);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Yksittäinen ohje tarkistuksilla

Käytä process_and_validate_instruction metodia käsitelläksesi yksittäisen ohjeen validointitarkistuksilla. Tämä metodi aiheuttaa paniikkitilan, jos jokin tarkistus epäonnistuu.

Method Signature

pub fn process_and_validate_instruction(
    &self,
    instruction: &Instruction,
    accounts: &[(Pubkey, Account)],
    checks: &[Check],
) -> InstructionResult

Seuraava esimerkki käsittelee SOL-siirto-ohjeen validointitarkistuksilla.

With Validation

use {
    mollusk_svm::{Mollusk, result::Check},
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;
    let transfer_amount = 250_000;

    let instruction = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &recipient, transfer_amount);

    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            recipient,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Define validation checks
    let checks = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&sender)
            .lamports(750_000)
            .build(),
        Check::account(&recipient)
            .lamports(250_000)
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process and validate (will panic if any check fails)
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &accounts, &checks);
    println!("{:#?}", result);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

With Validation

use {
    mollusk_svm::{Mollusk, result::Check},
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;
    let transfer_amount = 250_000;

    let instruction = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &recipient, transfer_amount);

    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            recipient,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Define validation checks
    let checks = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&sender)
            .lamports(750_000)
            .build(),
        Check::account(&recipient)
            .lamports(250_000)
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process and validate (will panic if any check fails)
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &accounts, &checks);
    println!("{:#?}", result);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Useita ohjeita

Käytä process_instruction_chain metodia käsitelläksesi useita ohjeita peräkkäin ilman validointitarkistuksia.

Method Signature

pub fn process_instruction_chain(
    &self,
    instructions: &[Instruction],
    accounts: &[(Pubkey, Account)],
) -> InstructionResult

Seuraava esimerkki käsittelee kaksi SOL-siirto-ohjetta ilman validointitarkistuksia.

Multiple Instructions

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Set up accounts
    let alice = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let bob = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let charlie = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;

    // Create chain of transfers
    let instructions = vec![
        system_instruction::transfer(&alice, &bob, 300_000),    // Alice -> Bob
        system_instruction::transfer(&bob, &charlie, 100_000),  // Bob -> Charlie
    ];

    let accounts = vec![
        (
            alice,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            bob,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            charlie,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Process the instruction chain
    let result = mollusk.process_instruction_chain(&instructions, &accounts);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Final balances: Alice=700K, Bob=200K, Charlie=100K
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&alice).unwrap().lamports, 700_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&bob).unwrap().lamports, 200_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&charlie).unwrap().lamports, 100_000);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Multiple Instructions

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Set up accounts
    let alice = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let bob = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let charlie = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;

    // Create chain of transfers
    let instructions = vec![
        system_instruction::transfer(&alice, &bob, 300_000),    // Alice -> Bob
        system_instruction::transfer(&bob, &charlie, 100_000),  // Bob -> Charlie
    ];

    let accounts = vec![
        (
            alice,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            bob,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            charlie,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Process the instruction chain
    let result = mollusk.process_instruction_chain(&instructions, &accounts);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Final balances: Alice=700K, Bob=200K, Charlie=100K
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&alice).unwrap().lamports, 700_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&bob).unwrap().lamports, 200_000);
    assert_eq!(result.get_account(&charlie).unwrap().lamports, 100_000);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Useita ohjeita tarkistuksilla

Käytä process_and_validate_instruction_chain metodia käsitelläksesi useita ohjeita validointitarkistuksilla jokaisen ohjeen jälkeen. Jokaisella ohjeella on omat tarkistuksensa, joiden on läpäistävä.

Method Signature

pub fn process_and_validate_instruction_chain(
    &self,
    instructions: &[(&Instruction, &[Check])],
    accounts: &[(Pubkey, Account)],
) -> InstructionResult

Seuraava esimerkki käsittelee ketjun, jossa on kaksi SOL-siirto-ohjetta validointitarkistuksilla jokaisen ohjeen jälkeen.

With Validation

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create accounts
    let alice = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let bob = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let charlie = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;

    // Create transfer instructions
    let transfer1 = system_instruction::transfer(&alice, &bob, 300_000);
    let transfer2 = system_instruction::transfer(&bob, &charlie, 100_000);

    // Initial accounts
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            alice,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            bob,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            charlie,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Define checks for each instruction
    let checks_after_transfer1 = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&alice)
            .lamports(700_000) // 1M - 300K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&bob)
            .lamports(300_000) // 0 + 300K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&charlie)
            .lamports(0) // Unchanged
            .build(),
    ];

    let checks_after_transfer2 = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&alice)
            .lamports(700_000) // Unchanged from previous
            .build(),
        Check::account(&bob)
            .lamports(200_000) // 300K - 100K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&charlie)
            .lamports(100_000) // 0 + 100K
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process with validation at each step
    let instruction_and_checks = [
        (&transfer1, checks_after_transfer1.as_slice()),
        (&transfer2, checks_after_transfer2.as_slice()),
    ];

    // Execute chain (panics if any check fails)
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction_chain(&instruction_and_checks, &accounts);

    println!("{:#?}", result);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

With Validation

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create accounts
    let alice = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let bob = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let charlie = Pubkey::new_unique();

    let initial_lamports = 1_000_000;

    // Create transfer instructions
    let transfer1 = system_instruction::transfer(&alice, &bob, 300_000);
    let transfer2 = system_instruction::transfer(&bob, &charlie, 100_000);

    // Initial accounts
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            alice,
            Account {
                lamports: initial_lamports,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            bob,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            charlie,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Define checks for each instruction
    let checks_after_transfer1 = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&alice)
            .lamports(700_000) // 1M - 300K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&bob)
            .lamports(300_000) // 0 + 300K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&charlie)
            .lamports(0) // Unchanged
            .build(),
    ];

    let checks_after_transfer2 = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&alice)
            .lamports(700_000) // Unchanged from previous
            .build(),
        Check::account(&bob)
            .lamports(200_000) // 300K - 100K
            .build(),
        Check::account(&charlie)
            .lamports(100_000) // 0 + 100K
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process with validation at each step
    let instruction_and_checks = [
        (&transfer1, checks_after_transfer1.as_slice()),
        (&transfer2, checks_after_transfer2.as_slice()),
    ];

    // Execute chain (panics if any check fails)
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction_chain(&instruction_and_checks, &accounts);

    println!("{:#?}", result);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Validointitarkistukset

Mollusk tarjoaa joukon apumetodeja käsitellyn ohjeen tulosten tarkistamiseen.

Example

use mollusk_svm::result::Check;

Käytä seuraavia metodeja ohjeiden tulosten validointiin:

Example

// Program execution succeeded
Check::success()

// Program returned specific error
Check::err(ProgramError::InvalidArgument)

// Instruction level error
Check::instruction_err(InstructionError::InsufficientFunds)

// Check with specific program result
Check::program_result(ProgramResult::Success)

// Compute units consumed
Check::compute_units(1000)

// Execution time
Check::time(100)

// Return data from instruction execution
Check::return_data(&[1, 2, 3, 4])

Käytä seuraavia tilin tilojen validointiin:

Example

// Single account validation
Check::account(&pubkey)
    .lamports(1_000_000)           // Exact lamports
    .owner(&program_id)            // Account owner
    .data(&expected_data)          // Exact data match
    .data_slice(8, &[1, 2, 3])     // Partial data match at offset
    .executable(false)             // Executable flag
    .space(100)                    // Account data size
    .closed()                      // Account is closed (0 lamports)
    .rent_exempt()                 // Account is rent-exempt
    .build()

// Check all accounts are rent exempt
Check::all_rent_exempt()

Pysyvä tilin tila

MolluskContext on kääre Mollusk:n ympärillä, joka ylläpitää tilin tilaa useiden ohjekutsujen välillä account_store:n kautta. Ohjeiden käsittelymetodit ovat identtisiä Mollusk:n kanssa.

Toisin kuin Mollusk, joka vaatii accounts:n välittämistä jokaiselle metodille (esim. process_instruction), MolluskContext hallinnoi tilejä sisäisesti account_store:n kautta. Tämä poistaa tarpeen accounts -parametrille ohjeiden käsittelyssä.

Luo account_store käyttämällä with_context -metodia:

Example

use std::collections::HashMap;
use solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_program};
use mollusk_svm::Mollusk;

let mollusk = Mollusk::default();
let account_address = Pubkey::new_unique();

let mut account_store = HashMap::new();
account_store.insert(
    account_address,
    Account {
        lamports: 1_000_000,
        data: vec![],
        owner: system_program::id(),
        executable: false,
        rent_epoch: 0,
    },
);

let context = mollusk.with_context(account_store);

Seuraava esimerkki käsittelee kaksi erillistä SOL-siirto-ohjetta, joiden välillä tilin tila säilyy account_store:n kautta.

Stateful Testing

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
    std::collections::HashMap,
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Create account store with initial balances
    let mut account_store = HashMap::new();
    account_store.insert(
        sender,
        Account {
            lamports: 1_000_000,
            data: vec![],
            owner: system_program::id(),
            executable: false,
            rent_epoch: 0,
        },
    );
    account_store.insert(
        recipient,
        Account {
            lamports: 0,
            data: vec![],
            owner: system_program::id(),
            executable: false,
            rent_epoch: 0,
        },
    );

    // Create a stateful context
    let context = mollusk.with_context(account_store);

    // First transfer: 200,000 lamports
    let instruction1 = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &recipient, 200_000);
    context.process_instruction(&instruction1);

    // Second transfer: 100,000 lamports (state persists from first transfer)
    let instruction2 = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &recipient, 100_000);
    context.process_instruction(&instruction2);

    // Check final balances
    let store = context.account_store.borrow();
    let sender_account = store.get(&sender).unwrap();
    let recipient_account = store.get(&recipient).unwrap();
    println!("Sender: {:#?}", sender_account);
    println!("Recipient: {:#?}", recipient_account);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Stateful Testing

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
    std::collections::HashMap,
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let recipient = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Create account store with initial balances
    let mut account_store = HashMap::new();
    account_store.insert(
        sender,
        Account {
            lamports: 1_000_000,
            data: vec![],
            owner: system_program::id(),
            executable: false,
            rent_epoch: 0,
        },
    );
    account_store.insert(
        recipient,
        Account {
            lamports: 0,
            data: vec![],
            owner: system_program::id(),
            executable: false,
            rent_epoch: 0,
        },
    );

    // Create a stateful context
    let context = mollusk.with_context(account_store);

    // First transfer: 200,000 lamports
    let instruction1 = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &recipient, 200_000);
    context.process_instruction(&instruction1);

    // Second transfer: 100,000 lamports (state persists from first transfer)
    let instruction2 = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &recipient, 100_000);
    context.process_instruction(&instruction2);

    // Check final balances
    let store = context.account_store.borrow();
    let sender_account = store.get(&sender).unwrap();
    let recipient_account = store.get(&recipient).unwrap();
    println!("Sender: {:#?}", sender_account);
    println!("Recipient: {:#?}", recipient_account);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Mollusk Sysvars

Mollusk tarjoaa mukautetun Sysvars -rakenteen sen arvojen muokkaamiseen testausta varten.

Käytä warp_to_slot -metodia päivittääksesi sysvar-kelloa simuloidaksesi ajan siirtymistä eteen- tai taaksepäin tiettyyn slotiin.

Warp to Slot

use mollusk_svm::Mollusk;

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Show initial slot
    println!("Initial slot: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);

    // Warp to slot 1000
    mollusk.warp_to_slot(100);
    println!("After warp: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);

    // Warp to slot 10
    mollusk.warp_to_slot(10);
    println!("After second warp: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Warp to Slot

use mollusk_svm::Mollusk;

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Show initial slot
    println!("Initial slot: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);

    // Warp to slot 1000
    mollusk.warp_to_slot(100);
    println!("After warp: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);

    // Warp to slot 10
    mollusk.warp_to_slot(10);
    println!("After second warp: {}", mollusk.sysvars.clock.slot);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Seuraava esimerkki näyttää, miten Mollusk sysvaria voi muokata suoraan käyttämällä sysvars -kenttää rent-parametrien muuttamiseen. Voit muokata muita sysvar-arvoja samalla tavalla.

Modify Sysvars

use {mollusk_svm::Mollusk, solana_sdk::rent::Rent};

fn main() {
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Show default rent
    println!(
        "Default rent exemption for 1000 bytes: {} lamports",
        mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(1000)
    );

    // Customize rent parameters
    mollusk.sysvars.rent = Rent {
        lamports_per_byte_year: 1,
        exemption_threshold: 1.0,
        burn_percent: 0,
    };

    // Show custom rent
    println!(
        "Custom rent exemption for 1000 bytes: {} lamports",
        mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(1000)
    );
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Modify Sysvars

use {mollusk_svm::Mollusk, solana_sdk::rent::Rent};

fn main() {
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Show default rent
    println!(
        "Default rent exemption for 1000 bytes: {} lamports",
        mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(1000)
    );

    // Customize rent parameters
    mollusk.sysvars.rent = Rent {
        lamports_per_byte_year: 1,
        exemption_threshold: 1.0,
        burn_percent: 0,
    };

    // Show custom rent
    println!(
        "Custom rent exemption for 1000 bytes: {} lamports",
        mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(1000)
    );
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Laskentayksikön suorituskyvyn mittaus

MolluskComputeUnitBencher seuraa ohjelman käskyjen laskentayksikköjen käyttöä. Tulokset kirjoitetaan markdown-tiedostoon.

Vaatii mollusk-svm-bencher riippuvuutena.

Seuraava esimerkki mittaa SOL-siirtokäskyn laskentayksikköjen käyttöä.

Benchmark Compute Units

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    mollusk_svm_bencher::MolluskComputeUnitBencher,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, system_program},
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk
    let mollusk = Mollusk::default();

    // Create test accounts
    let sender = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let receiver = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Transfer instruction
    let transfer = system_instruction::transfer(&sender, &receiver, 100_000);
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            sender,
            Account {
                lamports: 1_000_000,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            receiver,
            Account {
                lamports: 0,
                data: vec![],
                owner: system_program::id(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Run benchmark
    MolluskComputeUnitBencher::new(mollusk)
        .bench(("transfer", &transfer, &accounts))
        .must_pass(true)
        .out_dir("./target/benches")
        .execute();
}

Suorituskykytestien tulokset kirjoitetaan määritettyyn out_dir markdown-tiedostona nimeltä compute_units.md.

comput_units.md

#### 2025-09-19 22:28:53.691839 UTC

Solana CLI Version: solana-cli 2.2.20 (src:dabc99a5; feat:3073396398,
client:Agave)

| Name     | CUs | Delta   |
| -------- | --- | ------- |
| transfer | 150 | - new - |

Token Program -testaus

Käytä mollusk-svm-programs-token pakettia lisätäksesi Token Program, token2022-ohjelman (Token Extensions) ja Associated Token Program Molluskiin testausta varten.

Example

use {
    mollusk_svm::Mollusk,
    mollusk_svm_programs_token::{associated_token, token, token2022},
};

let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();

// Add SPL Token Program
token::add_program(&mut mollusk);
// Add SPL Token-2022 Program
token2022::add_program(&mut mollusk);
// Add Associated Token Account Program
associated_token::add_program(&mut mollusk);

Seuraava esimerkki havainnollistaa token-siirron testaamista Molluskin avulla.

Alla oleva esimerkki määrittelee testitilit manuaalisesti havainnollistamistarkoituksessa. mollusk-svm-programs-token sisältää myös apufunktioita mint- ja token-tilien luomiseen.

Token Transfer Example

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    mollusk_svm_programs_token::token,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, program_pack::Pack, pubkey::Pubkey},
    spl_token::{
        instruction::transfer_checked,
        state::{Account as TokenAccount, Mint},
    },
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk with Token program
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();
    token::add_program(&mut mollusk);

    // Create account keys
    let mint = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let source = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let destination = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let authority = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Token configuration
    let decimals = 6;
    let transfer_amount = 1_000_000; // 1 token with 6 decimals
    let initial_balance = 10_000_000; // 10 tokens

    // Calculate rent-exempt minimums
    let mint_rent = mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(Mint::LEN);
    let account_rent = mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(TokenAccount::LEN);

    // Create mint account
    let mut mint_data = vec![0u8; Mint::LEN];
    Mint::pack(
        Mint {
            mint_authority: Some(authority).into(),
            supply: initial_balance,
            decimals,
            is_initialized: true,
            freeze_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut mint_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Create source token account
    let mut source_data = vec![0u8; TokenAccount::LEN];
    TokenAccount::pack(
        TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner: authority,
            amount: initial_balance,
            delegate: None.into(),
            state: spl_token::state::AccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: None.into(),
            delegated_amount: 0,
            close_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut source_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Create destination token account
    let mut destination_data = vec![0u8; TokenAccount::LEN];
    TokenAccount::pack(
        TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner: Pubkey::new_unique(),
            amount: 0,
            delegate: None.into(),
            state: spl_token::state::AccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: None.into(),
            delegated_amount: 0,
            close_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut destination_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Setup accounts for transfer_checked
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            source,
            Account {
                lamports: account_rent,
                data: source_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            mint,
            Account {
                lamports: mint_rent,
                data: mint_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            destination,
            Account {
                lamports: account_rent,
                data: destination_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            authority,
            Account {
                lamports: 1_000_000,
                data: vec![],
                owner: Pubkey::default(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Create transfer_checked instruction
    let instruction = transfer_checked(
        &token::ID,
        &source,
        &mint,
        &destination,
        &authority,
        &[],
        transfer_amount,
        decimals,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Expected balances after transfer
    let expected_source_balance = (initial_balance - transfer_amount).to_le_bytes();
    let expected_dest_balance = transfer_amount.to_le_bytes();

    // Define validation checks
    let checks = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&source)
            .data_slice(64, &expected_source_balance) // Token amount is at offset 64
            .build(),
        Check::account(&destination)
            .data_slice(64, &expected_dest_balance)
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process and validate the instruction
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &accounts, &checks);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Deserialize token account data
    let source_account = result.get_account(&source).unwrap();
    let source_token = TokenAccount::unpack(&source_account.data).unwrap();
    println!("Source Token Account: {:#?}", source_token);

    let destination_account = result.get_account(&destination).unwrap();
    let dest_token = TokenAccount::unpack(&destination_account.data).unwrap();
    println!("Destination Token Account: {:#?}", dest_token);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Token Transfer Example

use {
    mollusk_svm::{result::Check, Mollusk},
    mollusk_svm_programs_token::token,
    solana_sdk::{account::Account, program_pack::Pack, pubkey::Pubkey},
    spl_token::{
        instruction::transfer_checked,
        state::{Account as TokenAccount, Mint},
    },
};

fn main() {
    // Initialize Mollusk with Token program
    let mut mollusk = Mollusk::default();
    token::add_program(&mut mollusk);

    // Create account keys
    let mint = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let source = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let destination = Pubkey::new_unique();
    let authority = Pubkey::new_unique();

    // Token configuration
    let decimals = 6;
    let transfer_amount = 1_000_000; // 1 token with 6 decimals
    let initial_balance = 10_000_000; // 10 tokens

    // Calculate rent-exempt minimums
    let mint_rent = mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(Mint::LEN);
    let account_rent = mollusk.sysvars.rent.minimum_balance(TokenAccount::LEN);

    // Create mint account
    let mut mint_data = vec![0u8; Mint::LEN];
    Mint::pack(
        Mint {
            mint_authority: Some(authority).into(),
            supply: initial_balance,
            decimals,
            is_initialized: true,
            freeze_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut mint_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Create source token account
    let mut source_data = vec![0u8; TokenAccount::LEN];
    TokenAccount::pack(
        TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner: authority,
            amount: initial_balance,
            delegate: None.into(),
            state: spl_token::state::AccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: None.into(),
            delegated_amount: 0,
            close_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut source_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Create destination token account
    let mut destination_data = vec![0u8; TokenAccount::LEN];
    TokenAccount::pack(
        TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner: Pubkey::new_unique(),
            amount: 0,
            delegate: None.into(),
            state: spl_token::state::AccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: None.into(),
            delegated_amount: 0,
            close_authority: None.into(),
        },
        &mut destination_data,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Setup accounts for transfer_checked
    let accounts = vec![
        (
            source,
            Account {
                lamports: account_rent,
                data: source_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            mint,
            Account {
                lamports: mint_rent,
                data: mint_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            destination,
            Account {
                lamports: account_rent,
                data: destination_data,
                owner: token::ID,
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
        (
            authority,
            Account {
                lamports: 1_000_000,
                data: vec![],
                owner: Pubkey::default(),
                executable: false,
                rent_epoch: 0,
            },
        ),
    ];

    // Create transfer_checked instruction
    let instruction = transfer_checked(
        &token::ID,
        &source,
        &mint,
        &destination,
        &authority,
        &[],
        transfer_amount,
        decimals,
    )
    .unwrap();

    // Expected balances after transfer
    let expected_source_balance = (initial_balance - transfer_amount).to_le_bytes();
    let expected_dest_balance = transfer_amount.to_le_bytes();

    // Define validation checks
    let checks = vec![
        Check::success(),
        Check::account(&source)
            .data_slice(64, &expected_source_balance) // Token amount is at offset 64
            .build(),
        Check::account(&destination)
            .data_slice(64, &expected_dest_balance)
            .build(),
    ];

    // Process and validate the instruction
    let result = mollusk.process_and_validate_instruction(&instruction, &accounts, &checks);
    println!("{:#?}", result);

    // Deserialize token account data
    let source_account = result.get_account(&source).unwrap();
    let source_token = TokenAccount::unpack(&source_account.data).unwrap();
    println!("Source Token Account: {:#?}", source_token);

    let destination_account = result.get_account(&destination).unwrap();
    let dest_token = TokenAccount::unpack(&destination_account.data).unwrap();
    println!("Destination Token Account: {:#?}", dest_token);
}

Console

Click to execute the code.

Hello World -ohjelma

Hello World -ohjelma

Sisällysluettelo