What Is a Mint Account
A mint account defines and uniquely identifies a token on Solana, and stores the shared state that applies to all token accounts for that mint.
The Token Program defines the Mint account type as:
/// Mint data.#[repr(C)]#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]pub struct Mint {/// Optional authority used to mint new tokens. The mint authority may only/// be provided during mint creation. If no mint authority is present/// then the mint has a fixed supply and no further tokens may be/// minted.pub mint_authority: COption<Pubkey>,/// Total supply of tokens.pub supply: u64,/// Number of base 10 digits to the right of the decimal place.pub decimals: u8,/// Is `true` if this structure has been initializedpub is_initialized: bool,/// Optional authority to freeze token accounts.pub freeze_authority: COption<Pubkey>,}
Every token has one mint account, and the mint address is the token's unique identifier across wallets, applications, and explorers.
For example, USD Coin (USDC) has the mint address
EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v. The mint address uniquely
identifies USDC throughout the Solana ecosystem. You can view this mint on
Solana Explorer.
How to Create a Mint Account
Creating a mint requires two instructions:
- The System Program's
CreateAccountinstruction creates a new rent-exempt account and assigns the Token Program as the program owner of the new account. - The Token Program's
InitializeMintorInitializeMint2instruction initializes the new account as a mint.
Include the CreateAccount instruction and the mint initialization
instruction in the same transaction.
During mint initialization, the Token Program checks that the mint account is
not already initialized and is rent-exempt. The Token Program then writes the
mint authority, freeze authority, decimals, and is_initialized flag into
the mint account data.
Source Reference
| Item | Description | Token Program | Token Extension Program |
|---|---|---|---|
Mint | The base mint state stored in every mint account. | Source | Source |
InitializeMint | A mint initialization instruction that expects the rent sysvar account in its accounts list. | Source | Source |
InitializeMint2 | A mint initialization instruction that does not require the rent sysvar account in its accounts list. | Source | Source |
_process_initialize_mint | Shared processor logic for mint initialization. | Source | Source |
process_initialize_mint | Public handler for InitializeMint. | Source | Source |
process_initialize_mint2 | Public handler for InitializeMint2. | Source | Source |
Typescript
The Kit examples below show the recommended approach using @solana/kit.
Legacy examples using @solana/web3.js are included for reference.
Kit
import { generateKeyPairSigner } from "@solana/kit";import { createLocalClient } from "@solana/kit-client-rpc";import { tokenProgram } from "@solana-program/token";const client = await createLocalClient().use(tokenProgram());const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const result = await client.token.instructions.createMint({newMint: mint, // New mint account to create.decimals: 9, // Decimals to define on the mint account.mintAuthority: client.payer.address, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.freezeAuthority: client.payer.address // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.}).sendTransaction();const mintAccount = await client.token.accounts.mint.fetch(mint.address);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("Mint Account:", mintAccount.data);console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result.context.signature);
Web3.js
import { Connection, Keypair, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } from "@solana/web3.js";import { createMint, getMint, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";const mintPubkey = await createMint(connection,feePayer,feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.9, // Decimals to define on the mint account.Keypair.generate(), // New mint account to create.{commitment: "confirmed"},TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);const mintAccount = await getMint(connection,mintPubkey,"confirmed",TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);console.log("Mint Address:", mintPubkey.toBase58());console.log("Mint Account:", mintAccount);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;use solana_sdk::{program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},transaction::Transaction,};use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;use spl_token_interface::{id as token_program_id, instruction::initialize_mint, state::Mint};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let latest_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding account creation.&mint.pubkey(), // New mint account to create.mint_rent, // Lamports funding the new account rent.Mint::LEN as u64, // Account size in bytes.&token_program_id(), // Program that owns the new account.),initialize_mint(&token_program_id(),&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account to initialize.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.9, // Decimals to define on the mint account.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],latest_blockhash,);let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;let mint_data = Mint::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("Mint Account: {:#?}", mint_data);println!("\nTransaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);Ok(())}
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3import asyncioimport jsonfrom solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClientfrom solders.keypair import Keypairfrom solders.message import Messagefrom solders.system_program import create_account, CreateAccountParamsfrom solders.transaction import Transactionfrom spl.token.async_client import AsyncTokenfrom spl.token.instructions import initialize_mint, InitializeMintParamsfrom spl.token.constants import MINT_LEN, TOKEN_PROGRAM_IDDECIMALS = 9async def main():rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")async with rpc:create_mint_instructions = [create_account(CreateAccountParams(from_pubkey=fee_payer.pubkey(), # Account funding account creation.to_pubkey=mint.pubkey(), # New mint account to create.lamports=mint_rent, # Lamports funding the new account rent.space=MINT_LEN, # Account size in bytes.owner=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, # Program that owns the new account.)),initialize_mint(InitializeMintParams(program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, # Token program to invoke.mint=mint.pubkey(), # Mint account to initialize.decimals=DECIMALS, # Decimals to define on the mint account.mint_authority=fee_payer.pubkey(), # Authority allowed to mint new tokens.freeze_authority=fee_payer.pubkey(), # Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.)),]latest_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()transaction = Transaction([fee_payer, mint],Message(create_mint_instructions, fee_payer.pubkey()),latest_blockhash.value.blockhash,)result = await rpc.send_transaction(transaction)token = AsyncToken(rpc, mint.pubkey(), TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, fee_payer)mint_info = await token.get_mint_info()mint_account = {"mint_authority": None if mint_info.mint_authority is None else str(mint_info.mint_authority),"supply": mint_info.supply,"decimals": mint_info.decimals,"is_initialized": mint_info.is_initialized,"freeze_authority": None if mint_info.freeze_authority is None else str(mint_info.freeze_authority),}print("Mint Address:", mint.pubkey())print("Mint Account:")print(json.dumps(mint_account, indent=2))print("\nTransaction Signature:", result.value)if __name__ == "__main__":asyncio.run(main())
How to Add Metadata
A mint account only stores basic token information (supply, decimals, authorities). To add human-readable metadata like a name, symbol, and image to your token, you have two options:
Metaplex Token Metadata
Add metadata using the Metaplex Token Metadata Program. Works with both, the original Token Program and Token-2022.
Token Extensions Metadata
Use the built-in metadata extension with Token-2022. The metadata extension is only available for mint accounts created with Token-2022. To add metadata to mint accounts created with the original Token Program, use the Metaplex Token Metadata Program.
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