Apa Itu Token Non-Transferable?
Ekstensi mint NonTransferable dari Token Extensions Program membuat setiap
token account untuk mint tersebut menjadi non-transferable. Setelah token
di-mint, pemegang token tidak dapat memindahkannya ke token account lain dengan
Transfer atau TransferChecked.
Pola ini berguna untuk aset yang harus tetap terikat pada satu dompet.
Token non-transferable masih dapat:
- Di-mint oleh mint authority
- Dibakar oleh pemilik token account atau delegasi yang diotorisasi
- Token account dapat ditutup setelah saldo mencapai nol
Ekstensi Token Account
Ketika token account diinisialisasi untuk mint dengan NonTransferable,
token account diinisialisasi dengan NonTransferableAccount dan
ImmutableOwner. Ketika token account dibuat melalui Associated Token
Program,
ukuran akun yang diperlukan dihitung dan token account dibuat dengan ukuran
yang diperlukan serta lamport bebas rent.
Cara Membuat Mint Non-Transferable
Untuk membuat mint non-transferable:
- Hitung ukuran mint account dan rent yang diperlukan untuk mint dan ekstensi
NonTransferable. - Buat mint account dengan
CreateAccount, inisialisasiNonTransferable, dan inisialisasi mint denganInitializeMint. - Buat token account untuk mint.
NonTransferableAccountdanImmutableOwnersecara otomatis diaktifkan untuk token account. TransferdanTransferCheckedakan gagal denganTokenError::NonTransferable.
Hitung ukuran akun
Hitung ukuran mint account untuk mint dasar ditambah ekstensi
NonTransferable. Ini adalah ukuran yang digunakan dalam
CreateAccount.
const client = await createClient().use(generatedPayer()).use(solanaRpc({rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"})).use(rpcAirdrop()).use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const nonTransferableExtension = extension("NonTransferable", {});const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize([nonTransferableExtension]));
Hitung rent
Hitung rent menggunakan ukuran yang diperlukan untuk mint ditambah ekstensi
NonTransferable.
const client = await createClient().use(generatedPayer()).use(solanaRpc({rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"})).use(rpcAirdrop()).use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const nonTransferableExtension = extension("NonTransferable", {});const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize([nonTransferableExtension]));const mintRent = await client.rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace).send();
Buat mint account
Buat mint account dengan ruang dan lamport yang telah dihitung.
const client = await createClient().use(generatedPayer()).use(solanaRpc({rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"})).use(rpcAirdrop()).use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const nonTransferableExtension = extension("NonTransferable", {});const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize([nonTransferableExtension]));const mintRent = await client.rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace).send();await client.sendTransaction([getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: client.payer,newAccount: mint,lamports: mintRent,space: mintSpace,programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS})]);
Inisialisasi NonTransferable
Inisialisasi ekstensi NonTransferable pada mint.
const client = await createClient().use(generatedPayer()).use(solanaRpc({rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"})).use(rpcAirdrop()).use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const nonTransferableExtension = extension("NonTransferable", {});const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize([nonTransferableExtension]));const mintRent = await client.rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace).send();await client.sendTransaction([getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: client.payer,newAccount: mint,lamports: mintRent,space: mintSpace,programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS}),getInitializeNonTransferableMintInstruction({mint: mint.address})]);
Inisialisasi mint
Inisialisasi mint dengan InitializeMint dalam transaksi yang sama.
const client = await createClient().use(generatedPayer()).use(solanaRpc({rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"})).use(rpcAirdrop()).use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const nonTransferableExtension = extension("NonTransferable", {});const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize([nonTransferableExtension]));const mintRent = await client.rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace).send();await client.sendTransaction([getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: client.payer,newAccount: mint,lamports: mintRent,space: mintSpace,programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS}),getInitializeNonTransferableMintInstruction({mint: mint.address}),getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address,decimals: 0,mintAuthority: client.payer.address,freezeAuthority: client.payer.address})]);
Urutan Instruksi
InitializeNonTransferableMint harus dilakukan sebelum
InitializeMint. CreateAccount,
InitializeNonTransferableMint, dan InitializeMint harus disertakan
dalam transaksi yang sama.
Referensi Sumber
| Item | Deskripsi | Sumber |
|---|---|---|
NonTransferable | Ekstensi mint yang menandai token dari mint sebagai non-transferable. | Source |
NonTransferableAccount | Ekstensi token account yang ditambahkan ke token account untuk mint non-transferable. | Source |
ImmutableOwner | Ekstensi token account yang mencegah perubahan kepemilikan dan diperlukan untuk token account non-transferable. | Source |
InitializeNonTransferableMint | Instruksi yang menginisialisasi ekstensi non-transferable tingkat mint sebelum InitializeMint. | Source |
process_initialize_non_transferable_mint | Logika prosesor yang menginisialisasi ekstensi mint NonTransferable pada mint yang belum diinisialisasi. | Source |
get_required_init_account_extensions | Digunakan untuk secara otomatis menambahkan ekstensi token account ketika token account diinisialisasi berdasarkan ekstensi yang diaktifkan pada mint. Untuk mint NonTransferable, ini menambahkan NonTransferableAccount dan ImmutableOwner. | Source |
Typescript
Contoh Kit di bawah ini menggunakan instruksi yang dihasilkan secara langsung.
Contoh lama menggunakan @solana/web3.js disertakan sebagai referensi.
Kit
import { lamports, createClient, generateKeyPairSigner } from "@solana/kit";import { solanaRpc, rpcAirdrop } from "@solana/kit-plugin-rpc";import { generatedPayer, airdropPayer } from "@solana/kit-plugin-signer";import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";import {extension,fetchMint,fetchToken,findAssociatedTokenPda,getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,getInitializeMintInstruction,getInitializeNonTransferableMintInstruction,getMintSize,getMintToCheckedInstruction,getTransferCheckedInstruction,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token-2022";const client = await createClient().use(generatedPayer()).use(solanaRpc({rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"})).use(rpcAirdrop()).use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const nonTransferableExtension = extension("NonTransferable", {});const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize([nonTransferableExtension]));const mintRent = await client.rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace).send();await client.sendTransaction([getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: client.payer,newAccount: mint,lamports: mintRent,space: mintSpace,programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS}),getInitializeNonTransferableMintInstruction({mint: mint.address // Mint account that stores the NonTransferable extension.}),getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address,decimals: 0,mintAuthority: client.payer.address,freezeAuthority: client.payer.address})]);const [sourceToken] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: client.payer.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});const [destinationToken] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: recipient.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});await client.sendTransaction([await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({payer: client.payer,mint: mint.address,owner: client.payer.address}),await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({payer: client.payer,mint: mint.address,owner: recipient.address}),getMintToCheckedInstruction({mint: mint.address,token: sourceToken,mintAuthority: client.payer,amount: 1n,decimals: 0})]);try {await client.sendTransaction([getTransferCheckedInstruction({source: sourceToken, // Token account sending the transfer.mint: mint.address, // Mint with the non-transferable configuration.destination: destinationToken, // Token account receiving the transfer.authority: client.payer, // Signer approving the transfer.amount: 1n, // Token amount in base units.decimals: 0 // Decimals defined on the mint.})]);} catch (error) {console.error("Transfer failed as expected:", error);}const mintAccount = await fetchMint(client.rpc, mint.address);const sourceTokenAccount = await fetchToken(client.rpc, sourceToken);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("Mint Extensions:", mintAccount.data.extensions);console.log("\nSource ATA:", sourceToken);console.log("Source Token Extensions:", sourceTokenAccount.data.extensions);console.log("Destination ATA:", destinationToken);
Web3.js
import {Connection,Keypair,LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,sendAndConfirmTransaction,SystemProgram,Transaction} from "@solana/web3.js";import {ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction,createInitializeMintInstruction,createInitializeNonTransferableMintInstruction,createMintToCheckedInstruction,createTransferCheckedInstruction,ExtensionType,getAccount,getAssociatedTokenAddressSync,getMint,getMintLen,getNonTransferable,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID} from "@solana/spl-token";const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");const latestBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();const feePayer = Keypair.generate();const recipient = Keypair.generate();const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(feePayer.publicKey,LAMPORTS_PER_SOL);await connection.confirmTransaction({blockhash: latestBlockhash.blockhash,lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockhash.lastValidBlockHeight,signature: airdropSignature});const mint = Keypair.generate();const mintSpace = getMintLen([ExtensionType.NonTransferable]);const mintRent = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace);const sourceToken = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(mint.publicKey,feePayer.publicKey,false,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);const destinationToken = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(mint.publicKey,recipient.publicKey,false,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction({feePayer: feePayer.publicKey,blockhash: latestBlockhash.blockhash,lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockhash.lastValidBlockHeight}).add(SystemProgram.createAccount({fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey,newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,lamports: mintRent,space: mintSpace,programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID}),createInitializeNonTransferableMintInstruction(mint.publicKey, // Mint account that stores the NonTransferable extension.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the mint.),createInitializeMintInstruction(mint.publicKey,0,feePayer.publicKey,feePayer.publicKey,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID)),[feePayer, mint],{ commitment: "confirmed" });await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction().add(createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(feePayer.publicKey,sourceToken,feePayer.publicKey,mint.publicKey,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID),createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(feePayer.publicKey,destinationToken,recipient.publicKey,mint.publicKey,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID),createMintToCheckedInstruction(mint.publicKey,sourceToken,feePayer.publicKey,1,0,[],TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID)),[feePayer],{ commitment: "confirmed" });try {await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction().add(createTransferCheckedInstruction(sourceToken, // Token account sending the transfer.mint.publicKey, // Mint with the non-transferable configuration.destinationToken, // Token account receiving the transfer.feePayer.publicKey, // Signer approving the transfer.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.[], // Additional multisig signers.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that processes the transfer.)),[feePayer],{ commitment: "confirmed" });} catch (error) {console.error("Transfer failed as expected:", error);}const mintAccount = await getMint(connection,mint.publicKey,"confirmed",TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID);const sourceTokenAccount = await getAccount(connection,sourceToken,"confirmed",TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.publicKey.toBase58());console.log("Has NonTransferable:", getNonTransferable(mintAccount) !== null);console.log("\nSource ATA:", sourceToken.toBase58());console.log("Source Token Account:", sourceTokenAccount);console.log("Destination ATA:", destinationToken.toBase58());
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;use solana_sdk::{signature::{Keypair, Signer},transaction::Transaction,};use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{address::get_associated_token_address_with_program_id,instruction::create_associated_token_account,};use spl_token_2022_interface::{extension::{non_transferable::{NonTransferable, NonTransferableAccount},BaseStateWithExtensions, ExtensionType, StateWithExtensions,},instruction::{initialize_mint, initialize_non_transferable_mint, mint_to_checked, transfer_checked,},state::{Account, Mint},ID as TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let recipient = Keypair::new();let fee_payer = Keypair::new();let decimals = 0;let airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000).await?;loop {let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;if confirmed {break;}}let mint = Keypair::new();let mint_space =ExtensionType::try_calculate_account_len::<Mint>(&[ExtensionType::NonTransferable])?;let mint_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space).await?;let mint_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;let mint_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),mint_rent,mint_space as u64,&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,),initialize_non_transferable_mint(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, &mint.pubkey())?,initialize_mint(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,&mint.pubkey(),&fee_payer.pubkey(),Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),decimals,)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],mint_blockhash,);client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&mint_transaction).await?;let source_token_address = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(&fee_payer.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,);let destination_token_address = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(&recipient.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,);let setup_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;let setup_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_associated_token_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(),&fee_payer.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,),create_associated_token_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(),&recipient.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,),mint_to_checked(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,&mint.pubkey(),&source_token_address,&fee_payer.pubkey(),&[],1,decimals,)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],setup_blockhash,);client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&setup_transaction).await?;let transfer_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;let transfer_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[transfer_checked(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program to invoke.&source_token_address, // Token account sending the tokens.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the token being transferred.&destination_token_address, // Token account receiving the tokens.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.&[], // Additional multisig signers.1, // Token amount in base units.decimals, // Decimals defined on the mint account.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],transfer_blockhash,);match client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transfer_transaction).await {Ok(signature) => println!("Transfer unexpectedly succeeded: {}", signature),Err(error) => println!("Transfer failed as expected: {error:#?}"),}let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;let mint_state = StateWithExtensions::<Mint>::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;let source_token_account = client.get_account(&source_token_address).await?;let source_token_state = StateWithExtensions::<Account>::unpack(&source_token_account.data)?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("Mint Extensions: {:?}", mint_state.get_extension_types()?);println!("Has NonTransferable: {}",mint_state.get_extension::<NonTransferable>().is_ok());println!("\nSource ATA: {}", source_token_address);println!("Source Token Extensions: {:?}",source_token_state.get_extension_types()?);println!("Has NonTransferableAccount: {}",source_token_state.get_extension::<NonTransferableAccount>().is_ok());println!("Destination ATA: {}", destination_token_address);Ok(())}
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