Apa Itu Delegat Permanen?
Ekstensi mint PermanentDelegate dari Token Extensions Program menetapkan
otoritas delegat ke mint itu sendiri.
Delegat permanen adalah otoritas tingkat mint yang dapat mengotorisasi transfer dan pembakaran untuk token account mana pun untuk mint tersebut. Ini bertindak sebagai delegat global untuk semua token account untuk mint tersebut, dan pemilik token account tidak dapat mencabut delegat permanen dari token account mereka.
Otoritas mint juga dapat merotasi delegat permanen nanti dengan
SetAuthority menggunakan AuthorityType::PermanentDelegate.
Cara Membuat dan Menggunakan Delegat Permanen
Untuk membuat dan menggunakan delegat permanen:
- Hitung ukuran mint account dan rent yang diperlukan untuk mint dan ekstensi
PermanentDelegate. - Buat mint account dengan
CreateAccount, inisialisasiPermanentDelegate, dan inisialisasi mint denganInitializeMint. - Kirim
TransferCheckedatauBurnCheckedyang ditandatangani oleh delegat permanen. Token program memproses instruksi tersebut dengan cara yang sama seolah-olah pemilik token account yang menandatanganinya.
Hitung ukuran akun
Hitung ukuran mint account untuk mint dasar ditambah ekstensi
PermanentDelegate. Ini adalah ukuran yang digunakan dalam
CreateAccount.
Hitung rent
Hitung rent menggunakan ukuran yang diperlukan untuk mint ditambah ekstensi
PermanentDelegate.
Buat mint account
Buat mint account dengan ruang dan lamport yang telah dihitung.
Inisialisasi PermanentDelegate
Inisialisasi ekstensi PermanentDelegate pada mint.
Inisialisasi mint
Inisialisasi mint dengan InitializeMint dalam transaksi yang sama.
Buat token account dan mint token
Buat token account untuk pemilik dan penerima, lalu mint token ke token account pemilik.
Transfer dengan permanent delegate
Transfer token dengan TransferChecked yang ditandatangani oleh permanent
delegate.
Urutan Instruksi
InitializePermanentDelegate harus dijalankan sebelum
InitializeMint. CreateAccount, InitializePermanentDelegate,
dan InitializeMint harus disertakan dalam transaksi yang sama.
Referensi Sumber
| Item | Deskripsi | Sumber |
|---|---|---|
PermanentDelegate | Ekstensi mint yang menyimpan delegasi yang diberi otorisasi di setiap token account untuk mint tersebut. | Sumber |
InitializePermanentDelegate | Instruksi yang menginisialisasi permanent delegate sebelum InitializeMint. | Sumber |
SetAuthority | Instruksi token dasar yang digunakan dengan AuthorityType::PermanentDelegate untuk merotasi delegasi. | Sumber |
AuthorityType::PermanentDelegate | Diskriminator otoritas yang digunakan dengan SetAuthority untuk merotasi permanent delegate pada mint. | Sumber |
process_initialize_permanent_delegate | Logika prosesor yang menulis ekstensi permanent delegate ke mint. | Sumber |
process_set_authority | Logika prosesor yang memvalidasi dan merotasi permanent delegate ketika AuthorityType::PermanentDelegate digunakan. | Sumber |
Typescript
Contoh Kit di bawah ini menggunakan instruksi yang dihasilkan secara langsung.
Contoh lawas menggunakan @solana/web3.js dan @solana/spl-token disertakan
sebagai referensi.
Kit
import {lamports,createClient,generateKeyPairSigner,unwrapOption} from "@solana/kit";import { solanaRpc, rpcAirdrop } from "@solana/kit-plugin-rpc";import { generatedPayer, airdropPayer } from "@solana/kit-plugin-signer";import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";import {extension,fetchMint,fetchToken,findAssociatedTokenPda,getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,getInitializeMintInstruction,getInitializePermanentDelegateInstruction,getMintSize,getMintToCheckedInstruction,getTransferCheckedInstruction,isExtension,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token-2022";const client = await createClient().use(generatedPayer()).use(solanaRpc({rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"})).use(rpcAirdrop()).use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const owner = await generateKeyPairSigner();const delegate = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const permanentDelegateExtension = extension("PermanentDelegate", {delegate: delegate.address});const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize([permanentDelegateExtension]));const mintRent = await client.rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace).send();await client.sendTransaction([getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: client.payer, // Account funding the new mint account.newAccount: mint, // New mint account to create.lamports: mintRent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.space: mintSpace, // Account size in bytes for the mint plus PermanentDelegate.programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS // Program that owns the mint account.}),getInitializePermanentDelegateInstruction({mint: mint.address, // Mint account that stores the PermanentDelegate extension.delegate: delegate.address // Permanent delegate authorized for all token accounts for the mint.}),getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address, // Mint account to initialize.decimals: 0, // Number of decimals for the token.mintAuthority: client.payer.address, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.freezeAuthority: client.payer.address // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.})]);const [sourceToken] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: owner.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});const [destinationToken] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: recipient.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});await client.sendTransaction([await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({payer: client.payer, // Account funding the associated token account creation.mint: mint.address, // Mint for the associated token account.owner: owner.address // Owner of the source token account.}),await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({payer: client.payer, // Account funding the associated token account creation.mint: mint.address, // Mint for the associated token account.owner: recipient.address // Owner of the destination token account.}),getMintToCheckedInstruction({mint: mint.address, // Mint account that issues the tokens.token: sourceToken, // Token account receiving the newly minted tokens.mintAuthority: client.payer, // Signer authorized to mint new tokens.amount: 1n, // Token amount in base units.decimals: 0 // Decimals defined on the mint.})]);await client.sendTransaction([getTransferCheckedInstruction({source: sourceToken, // Token account sending the transfer.mint: mint.address, // Mint with the permanent delegate configuration.destination: destinationToken, // Token account receiving the transfer.authority: delegate, // Permanent delegate signing the transfer.amount: 1n, // Token amount in base units.decimals: 0 // Decimals defined on the mint.})]);const destinationAccount = await fetchToken(client.rpc, destinationToken);const mintAccount = await fetchMint(client.rpc, mint.address);const permanentDelegate = (unwrapOption(mintAccount.data.extensions) ?? []).find((item) => isExtension("PermanentDelegate", item));console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("Destination Amount:", destinationAccount.data.amount);console.log("Permanent Delegate Extension:", permanentDelegate);
Web3.js
import {Connection,Keypair,sendAndConfirmTransaction,SystemProgram,Transaction,LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} from "@solana/web3.js";import {ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction,createInitializeMintInstruction,createInitializePermanentDelegateInstruction,createMintToCheckedInstruction,createTransferCheckedInstruction,ExtensionType,getAccount,getAssociatedTokenAddressSync,getMint,getMintLen,getPermanentDelegate,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID} from "@solana/spl-token";const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");const latestBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();const feePayer = Keypair.generate();const owner = Keypair.generate();const delegate = Keypair.generate();const recipient = Keypair.generate();const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(feePayer.publicKey,5 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL);await connection.confirmTransaction({blockhash: latestBlockhash.blockhash,lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockhash.lastValidBlockHeight,signature: airdropSignature});const extensions = [ExtensionType.PermanentDelegate];const mint = Keypair.generate();const mintLength = getMintLen(extensions);const mintRent = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLength);const sourceToken = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(mint.publicKey,owner.publicKey,false,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);const destinationToken = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(mint.publicKey,recipient.publicKey,false,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);const createMintAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the new mint account.newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey, // New mint account to create.space: mintLength, // Account size in bytes for the mint plus PermanentDelegate.lamports: mintRent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the mint account.});const initializePermanentDelegateInstruction =createInitializePermanentDelegateInstruction(mint.publicKey, // Mint account that stores the PermanentDelegate extension.delegate.publicKey, // Permanent delegate authorized for all token accounts for the mint.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the mint.);const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(mint.publicKey, // Mint account to initialize.0, // Number of decimals for the token.feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the mint account.);await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction().add(createMintAccountInstruction,initializePermanentDelegateInstruction,initializeMintInstruction),[feePayer, mint],{commitment: "confirmed"});await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction().add(createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the associated token account creation.sourceToken, // Associated token account address to create.owner.publicKey, // Owner of the source token account.mint.publicKey, // Mint for the associated token account.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Associated Token Program that creates the account.),createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the associated token account creation.destinationToken, // Associated token account address to create.recipient.publicKey, // Owner of the destination token account.mint.publicKey, // Mint for the associated token account.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Associated Token Program that creates the account.),createMintToCheckedInstruction(mint.publicKey, // Mint account that issues the tokens.sourceToken, // Token account receiving the newly minted tokens.feePayer.publicKey, // Signer authorized to mint new tokens.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.[], // Additional multisig signers.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the mint and token account.)),[feePayer],{commitment: "confirmed"});await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction().add(createTransferCheckedInstruction(sourceToken, // Token account sending the transfer.mint.publicKey, // Mint with the permanent delegate configuration.destinationToken, // Token account receiving the transfer.delegate.publicKey, // Permanent delegate signing the transfer.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.[], // Additional multisig signers.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that processes the transfer.)),[feePayer, delegate],{commitment: "confirmed"});const destinationAccount = await getAccount(connection,destinationToken,"confirmed",TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID);const mintAccount = await getMint(connection,mint.publicKey,"confirmed",TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID);const permanentDelegate = getPermanentDelegate(mintAccount);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.publicKey.toBase58());console.log("Destination Amount:", destinationAccount.amount.toString());console.log("Permanent Delegate Extension:", permanentDelegate);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;use solana_sdk::{signature::{Keypair, Signer},transaction::Transaction,};use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{address::get_associated_token_address_with_program_id,instruction::create_associated_token_account,};use spl_token_2022_interface::{extension::{permanent_delegate::PermanentDelegate, BaseStateWithExtensions, ExtensionType,StateWithExtensions,},instruction::{initialize_mint, initialize_permanent_delegate, mint_to_checked, transfer_checked,},state::{Account, Mint},ID as TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let fee_payer = Keypair::new();let owner = Keypair::new();let delegate = Keypair::new();let recipient = Keypair::new();let airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 5_000_000_000).await?;loop {let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;if confirmed {break;}}let mint = Keypair::new();let mint_space =ExtensionType::try_calculate_account_len::<Mint>(&[ExtensionType::PermanentDelegate])?;let mint_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space).await?;let create_mint_account_instruction = create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the new mint account.&mint.pubkey(), // New mint account to create.mint_rent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.mint_space as u64, // Account size in bytes for the mint plus PermanentDelegate.&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the mint account.);let initialize_permanent_delegate_ix = initialize_permanent_delegate(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the mint.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account that stores the PermanentDelegate extension.&delegate.pubkey(), // Permanent delegate authorized for all token accounts for the mint.)?;let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the mint account.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account to initialize.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.0, // Number of decimals for the token.)?;let create_mint_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_mint_account_instruction,initialize_permanent_delegate_ix,initialize_mint_instruction,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,);client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&create_mint_transaction).await?;let source_token = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(&owner.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,);let destination_token = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(&recipient.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,);let create_token_accounts_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_associated_token_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the associated token account creation.&owner.pubkey(), // Owner of the source token account.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the associated token account.&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.),create_associated_token_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the associated token account creation.&recipient.pubkey(), // Owner of the destination token account.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the associated token account.&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.),mint_to_checked(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the mint and token account.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account that issues the tokens.&source_token, // Token account receiving the newly minted tokens.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Signer authorized to mint new tokens.&[&fee_payer.pubkey()], // Additional multisig signers.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,);client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&create_token_accounts_transaction).await?;let transfer_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[transfer_checked(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that processes the transfer.&source_token, // Token account sending the transfer.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint with the permanent delegate configuration.&destination_token, // Token account receiving the transfer.&delegate.pubkey(), // Permanent delegate signing the transfer.&[&delegate.pubkey()], // Additional multisig signers.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &delegate],client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,);client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transfer_transaction).await?;let destination_account = client.get_account(&destination_token).await?;let destination_state =StateWithExtensions::<Account>::unpack(&destination_account.data)?;let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;let mint_state = StateWithExtensions::<Mint>::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;let permanent_delegate = mint_state.get_extension::<PermanentDelegate>()?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("Destination Amount: {}",u64::from(destination_state.base.amount));println!("Permanent Delegate Extension: {:?}", permanent_delegate);Ok(())}
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