Trasferire Token

Cosa Fa il Trasferimento di Token?

Il trasferimento di token sposta i token da un token account a un altro token account della stessa mint.

I trasferimenti non modificano l'offerta della mint. I trasferimenti aggiornano solo i saldi tra i token account.

Come Trasferire Token

Il trasferimento di token utilizza l'istruzione Transfer o TransferChecked del Token Program.

Gli esempi seguenti utilizzano TransferChecked, che richiede al chiamante di fornire la mint e i decimali in modo che l'istruzione possa verificare la mint prevista e la precisione del token prima di spostare i token tra gli account.

Nel Token Extensions Program, Transfer è deprecato a favore di TransferChecked o TransferCheckedWithFee.

Il proprietario dell'account di origine o un delegato approvato firma il trasferimento. Nel Token Extensions Program, un delegato permanente della mint può anche autorizzare il trasferimento se la mint ha abilitato l'estensione del delegato permanente.

Riferimento al Codice Sorgente

ElementoDescrizioneToken ProgramToken Extensions Program
AccountLo stato del token account memorizza i saldi aggiornati da un trasferimento.SorgenteSorgente
TransferUn'istruzione di trasferimento che sposta i token tra i token account senza richiedere al chiamante di fornire la mint o i decimali. Nel Token Extensions Program, utilizzare invece TransferChecked.SorgenteSorgente
TransferCheckedUn'istruzione di trasferimento che richiede al chiamante di fornire la mint e i decimali e verifica tali valori prima di spostare i token tra i token account della stessa mint.SorgenteSorgente
process_transferLogica condivisa del processore per i trasferimenti di token.SorgenteSorgente

Typescript

Gli esempi di seguito mostrano l'approccio consigliato utilizzando Kit. Gli esempi legacy che utilizzano @solana/web3.js sono inclusi come riferimento.

Kit

import { generateKeyPairSigner } from "@solana/kit";
import { createLocalClient } from "@solana/kit-client-rpc";
import {
findAssociatedTokenPda,
tokenProgram,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
} from "@solana-program/token";
const client = await createLocalClient()
.use(tokenProgram());
const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();
const result = await client.token.instructions
.transferToATA({
mint: mint.address, // Mint for the token being transferred.
authority: client.payer, // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.
recipient: recipient.address, // Account that owns the destination token account.
amount: 25n, // Token amount in base units.
decimals: 2 // Decimals defined on the mint account.
})
.sendTransaction();
const [sourceTokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
mint: mint.address,
owner: client.payer.address,
tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});
const [destinationTokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
mint: mint.address,
owner: recipient.address,
tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});
const [sourceTokenAccountData, destinationTokenAccountData] =
await client.token.accounts.token.fetchAll([
sourceTokenAccount,
destinationTokenAccount
]);
console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);
console.log("\nSource Token Account Address:", sourceTokenAccount);
console.log("Source Token Account:", sourceTokenAccountData.data);
console.log("\nDestination Token Account Address:", destinationTokenAccount);
console.log("Destination Token Account:", destinationTokenAccountData.data);
console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result.context.signature);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Web3.js

import { Connection, Keypair, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
createAssociatedTokenAccount,
createMint,
getAccount,
mintToChecked,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
transferChecked
} from "@solana/spl-token";
const result = await transferChecked(
connection, // Connection to the local validator.
feePayer, // Account paying transaction fees.
feePayerATA, // Token account sending the tokens.
mintPubkey, // Mint for the token being transferred.
recipientATA, // Token account receiving the tokens.
feePayer, // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.
25, // Token amount in base units.
2, // Decimals defined on the mint account.
[], // Additional multisig signers.
{
commitment: "confirmed" // Confirmation options for the transaction.
},
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Token program to invoke.
);
const senderTokenAccount = await getAccount(
connection,
feePayerATA,
"confirmed",
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
);
const recipientTokenAccount = await getAccount(
connection,
recipientATA,
"confirmed",
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
);
console.log("Mint Address:", mintPubkey.toBase58());
console.log("\nSource Token Account Address:", feePayerATA.toBase58());
console.log("Source Token Account:", senderTokenAccount);
console.log("\nDestination Token Account Address:", recipientATA.toBase58());
console.log("Destination Token Account:", recipientTokenAccount);
console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Rust

Rust
use anyhow::Result;
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::{
program_pack::Pack,
signature::{Keypair, Signer},
transaction::Transaction,
};
use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;
use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{
address::get_associated_token_address, instruction::create_associated_token_account,
};
use spl_token_interface::{
id as token_program_id,
instruction::{initialize_mint, mint_to_checked, transfer_checked},
state::{Account, Mint},
};
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
);
let recipient = Keypair::new();
let transfer_amount = 25;
let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
&[
transfer_checked(
&token_program_id(), // Token program to invoke.
&source_token_address, // Token account sending the tokens.
&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the token being transferred.
&destination_token_address, // Token account receiving the tokens.
&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.
&[], // Additional multisig signers.
transfer_amount, // Token amount in base units.
decimals, // Decimals defined on the mint account.
)?,
],
Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),
&[&fee_payer],
latest_blockhash,
);
let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;
let source_token_account = client.get_account(&source_token_address).await?;
let source_token_data = Account::unpack(&source_token_account.data)?;
let destination_token_account = client.get_account(&destination_token_address).await?;
let destination_token_data = Account::unpack(&destination_token_account.data)?;
println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
println!("\nSource Token Account Address: {}", source_token_address);
println!("Source Token Account: {:#?}", source_token_data);
println!(
"\nDestination Token Account Address: {}",
destination_token_address
);
println!("Destination Token Account: {:#?}", destination_token_data);
println!("\nTransaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);
Ok(())
}
Console
Click to execute the code.

Python

Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import asyncio
import json
from solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClient
from solders.keypair import Keypair
from solders.message import Message
from solders.pubkey import Pubkey
from solders.system_program import create_account, CreateAccountParams
from solders.transaction import Transaction
from spl.token.async_client import AsyncToken
from spl.token.instructions import (
create_associated_token_account,
get_associated_token_address,
initialize_mint,
InitializeMintParams,
mint_to_checked,
MintToCheckedParams,
transfer_checked,
TransferCheckedParams,
)
from spl.token.constants import MINT_LEN, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
DECIMALS = 2
AMOUNT_TO_MINT = 100
AMOUNT_TO_TRANSFER = 25
async def main():
rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")
receiver = Keypair()
async with rpc:
transfer_tokens_instruction = transfer_checked(
TransferCheckedParams(
program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, # Token program to invoke.
source=source_token_account, # Token account sending the tokens.
mint=mint.pubkey(), # Mint for the token being transferred.
dest=destination_token_account, # Token account receiving the tokens.
owner=fee_payer.pubkey(), # Account that owns the source token account.
amount=AMOUNT_TO_TRANSFER, # Token amount in base units.
decimals=DECIMALS, # Decimals defined on the mint account.
)
)
latest_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()
transaction = Transaction(
[fee_payer],
Message([transfer_tokens_instruction], fee_payer.pubkey()),
latest_blockhash.value.blockhash,
)
result = await rpc.send_transaction(transaction)
source_token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(source_token_account)
destination_token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(destination_token_account)
source_account = {
key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else value
for key, value in source_token_account_info._asdict().items()
}
destination_account = {
key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else value
for key, value in destination_token_account_info._asdict().items()
}
print("Mint Address:", mint.pubkey())
print("\nSource Token Account Address:", source_token_account)
print("Source Token Account:")
print(json.dumps(source_account, indent=2))
print("\nDestination Token Account Address:", destination_token_account)
print("Destination Token Account:")
print(json.dumps(destination_account, indent=2))
print("\nTransaction Signature:", result.value)
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
Console
Click to execute the code.

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