使用 Next.js 和 Solana Kit 集成 Solana 钱包

使用 Solana Kit 在 Next.js 中设置一个简约的 Solana 钱包集成。

本指南提供了一个在 Next.js 应用中实现 Solana 钱包功能的简约示例，使用 @solana/kit。您将创建一个连接钱包按钮和一个发送交易的组件。

Nextjs Kit 应用程序

如果需要在 React 应用中使用 @solana/kit 的更全面示例，请参考 Solana Kit 仓库中的 React 应用示例。

资源

前置条件

安装 Node.js

创建 Next.js 项目

使用 shadcn 创建一个新的 Next.js 项目，用于 UI 组件，并安装所需的 Solana 依赖项。

Terminal

$ npx shadcn@latest init

导航到您的项目目录：

Terminal

$ cd <project-name>

安装 UI 组件

安装以下 shadcn UI 组件：

Terminal

$ npx shadcn@latest add button dropdown-menu avatar

安装 Solana 依赖项

安装以下 Solana 依赖项：

Terminal

$ npm install @solana/kit @solana/react @wallet-standard/core @wallet-standard/react @solana-program/memo

实现步骤

按照以下步骤操作，并将提供的代码复制到您的项目中。

1. 创建 Solana 上下文

首先，创建一个 React 上下文，用于管理整个应用程序的钱包状态。

创建 components/solana-provider.tsx 并添加提供的代码。此提供者组件将：

连接到 Solana 的开发网络 RPC 端点
筛选用户浏览器中安装的可用 Solana 钱包
跟踪当前连接的钱包和账户
为子组件提供钱包状态

components/solana-provider.tsx

"use client";

import React, { createContext, useContext, useState, useMemo } from "react";
import {
  useWallets,
  type UiWallet,
  type UiWalletAccount
} from "@wallet-standard/react";
import { createSolanaRpc, createSolanaRpcSubscriptions } from "@solana/kit";
import { StandardConnect } from "@wallet-standard/core";

// Create RPC connection
const RPC_ENDPOINT = "https://api.devnet.solana.com";
const WS_ENDPOINT = "wss://api.devnet.solana.com";
const chain = "solana:devnet";
const rpc = createSolanaRpc(RPC_ENDPOINT);
const ws = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions(WS_ENDPOINT);

interface SolanaContextState {
  // RPC
  rpc: ReturnType<typeof createSolanaRpc>;
  ws: ReturnType<typeof createSolanaRpcSubscriptions>;
  chain: typeof chain;

  // Wallet State
  wallets: UiWallet[];
  selectedWallet: UiWallet | null;
  selectedAccount: UiWalletAccount | null;
  isConnected: boolean;

  // Wallet Actions
  setWalletAndAccount: (
    wallet: UiWallet | null,
    account: UiWalletAccount | null
  ) => void;
}

const SolanaContext = createContext<SolanaContextState | undefined>(undefined);

export function useSolana() {
  const context = useContext(SolanaContext);
  if (!context) {
    throw new Error("useSolana must be used within a SolanaProvider");
  }
  return context;
}

export function SolanaProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  const allWallets = useWallets();

  // Filter for Solana wallets only that support signAndSendTransaction
  const wallets = useMemo(() => {
    return allWallets.filter(
      (wallet) =>
        wallet.chains?.some((c) => c.startsWith("solana:")) &&
        wallet.features.includes(StandardConnect) &&
        wallet.features.includes("solana:signAndSendTransaction")
    );
  }, [allWallets]);

  // State management
  const [selectedWallet, setSelectedWallet] = useState<UiWallet | null>(null);
  const [selectedAccount, setSelectedAccount] =
    useState<UiWalletAccount | null>(null);

  // Check if connected (account must exist in the wallet's accounts)
  const isConnected = useMemo(() => {
    if (!selectedAccount || !selectedWallet) return false;

    // Find the wallet and check if it still has this account
    const currentWallet = wallets.find((w) => w.name === selectedWallet.name);
    return !!(
      currentWallet &&
      currentWallet.accounts.some(
        (acc) => acc.address === selectedAccount.address
      )
    );
  }, [selectedAccount, selectedWallet, wallets]);

  const setWalletAndAccount = (
    wallet: UiWallet | null,
    account: UiWalletAccount | null
  ) => {
    setSelectedWallet(wallet);
    setSelectedAccount(account);
  };

  // Create context value
  const contextValue = useMemo<SolanaContextState>(
    () => ({
      // Static RPC values
      rpc,
      ws,
      chain,

      // Dynamic wallet values
      wallets,
      selectedWallet,
      selectedAccount,
      isConnected,
      setWalletAndAccount
    }),
    [wallets, selectedWallet, selectedAccount, isConnected]
  );

  return (
    <SolanaContext.Provider value={contextValue}>
      {children}
    </SolanaContext.Provider>
  );
}

2. 更新布局

接下来，用 Solana 提供者包装整个 Next.js 应用程序。

更新 app/layout.tsx 并添加提供的代码。此步骤将：

导入 SolanaProvider 组件
用 SolanaProvider 包装应用程序的子组件
确保所有页面和组件都能访问钱包功能

app/layout.tsx

import { SolanaProvider } from "@/components/solana-provider";
import "./globals.css";

export default function RootLayout({
  children
}: Readonly<{
  children: React.ReactNode;
}>) {
  return (
    <html lang="en">
      <body>
        <SolanaProvider>{children}</SolanaProvider>
      </body>
    </html>
  );
}

3. 创建钱包连接按钮

现在构建一个按钮，用于连接和断开钱包。

创建 components/wallet-connect-button.tsx 并添加提供的代码。此下拉按钮将：

点击时显示可用钱包
使用 Wallet Standard 处理钱包连接流程

components/wallet-connect-button.tsx

"use client";

import { useState } from "react";
import { useSolana } from "@/components/solana-provider";
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuItem,
  DropdownMenuLabel,
  DropdownMenuSeparator,
  DropdownMenuTrigger
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu";
import { Avatar, AvatarFallback, AvatarImage } from "@/components/ui/avatar";
import { ChevronDown, Wallet, LogOut } from "lucide-react";
import {
  useConnect,
  useDisconnect,
  type UiWallet
} from "@wallet-standard/react";

function truncateAddress(address: string): string {
  return `${address.slice(0, 4)}...${address.slice(-4)}`;
}

function WalletIcon({
  wallet,
  className
}: {
  wallet: UiWallet;
  className?: string;
}) {
  return (
    <Avatar className={className}>
      {wallet.icon && (
        <AvatarImage src={wallet.icon} alt={`${wallet.name} icon`} />
      )}
      <AvatarFallback>{wallet.name.slice(0, 2).toUpperCase()}</AvatarFallback>
    </Avatar>
  );
}

function WalletMenuItem({
  wallet,
  onConnect
}: {
  wallet: UiWallet;
  onConnect: () => void;
}) {
  const { setWalletAndAccount } = useSolana();
  const [isConnecting, connect] = useConnect(wallet);

  const handleConnect = async () => {
    if (isConnecting) return;

    try {
      const accounts = await connect();

      if (accounts && accounts.length > 0) {
        const account = accounts[0];
        setWalletAndAccount(wallet, account);
        onConnect();
      }
    } catch (err) {
      console.error(`Failed to connect ${wallet.name}:`, err);
    }
  };

  return (
    <button
      className="flex w-full items-center justify-between px-2 py-1.5 text-sm outline-none hover:bg-accent focus:bg-accent disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50"
      onClick={handleConnect}
      disabled={isConnecting}
    >
      <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
        <WalletIcon wallet={wallet} className="h-6 w-6" />
        <span className="font-medium">{wallet.name}</span>
      </div>
    </button>
  );
}

function DisconnectButton({
  wallet,
  onDisconnect
}: {
  wallet: UiWallet;
  onDisconnect: () => void;
}) {
  const { setWalletAndAccount } = useSolana();
  const [isDisconnecting, disconnect] = useDisconnect(wallet);

  const handleDisconnect = async () => {
    try {
      await disconnect();
      setWalletAndAccount(null, null);
      onDisconnect();
    } catch (err) {
      console.error("Failed to disconnect wallet:", err);
    }
  };

  return (
    <DropdownMenuItem
      className="text-destructive focus:text-destructive cursor-pointer"
      onClick={handleDisconnect}
      disabled={isDisconnecting}
    >
      <LogOut className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
      Disconnect
    </DropdownMenuItem>
  );
}

export function WalletConnectButton() {
  const { wallets, selectedWallet, selectedAccount, isConnected } = useSolana();

  const [dropdownOpen, setDropdownOpen] = useState(false);

  return (
    <DropdownMenu open={dropdownOpen} onOpenChange={setDropdownOpen}>
      <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
        <Button variant="outline" className="min-w-[140px] justify-between">
          {isConnected && selectedWallet && selectedAccount ? (
            <>
              <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                <WalletIcon wallet={selectedWallet} className="h-4 w-4" />
                <span className="font-mono text-sm">
                  {truncateAddress(selectedAccount.address)}
                </span>
              </div>
              <ChevronDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
            </>
          ) : (
            <>
              <Wallet className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
              <span>Connect Wallet</span>
              <ChevronDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
            </>
          )}
        </Button>
      </DropdownMenuTrigger>

      <DropdownMenuContent align="end" className="w-[280px]">
        {wallets.length === 0 ? (
          <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground p-3 text-center">
            No wallets detected
          </p>
        ) : (
          <>
            {!isConnected ? (
              <>
                <DropdownMenuLabel>Available Wallets</DropdownMenuLabel>
                <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                {wallets.map((wallet, index) => (
                  <WalletMenuItem
                    key={`${wallet.name}-${index}`}
                    wallet={wallet}
                    onConnect={() => setDropdownOpen(false)}
                  />
                ))}
              </>
            ) : (
              selectedWallet &&
              selectedAccount && (
                <>
                  <DropdownMenuLabel>Connected Wallet</DropdownMenuLabel>
                  <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                  <div className="px-2 py-1.5">
                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                      <WalletIcon wallet={selectedWallet} className="h-6 w-6" />
                      <div className="flex flex-col">
                        <span className="text-sm font-medium">
                          {selectedWallet.name}
                        </span>
                        <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">
                          {truncateAddress(selectedAccount.address)}
                        </span>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <DropdownMenuSeparator />
                  <DisconnectButton
                    wallet={selectedWallet}
                    onDisconnect={() => setDropdownOpen(false)}
                  />
                </>
              )
            )}
          </>
        )}
      </DropdownMenuContent>
    </DropdownMenu>
  );
}

4. 创建发送交易组件

创建一个组件，该组件通过调用 memo 程序发送交易，以将消息添加到翻译日志中。

此组件的目的是演示如何使用连接的钱包发送交易。

创建 components/memo-card.tsx 并添加提供的代码。此组件：

允许用户输入消息
创建一个包含调用 memo 程序指令的 Solana 交易
请求连接的钱包签署并发送交易
显示一个链接以在 Solana Explorer 上查看交易

components/memo-card.tsx

"use client";

import { useState } from "react";
import { useSolana } from "@/components/solana-provider";
import { useWalletAccountTransactionSendingSigner } from "@solana/react";
import { type UiWalletAccount } from "@wallet-standard/react";
import {
  pipe,
  createTransactionMessage,
  appendTransactionMessageInstruction,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signAndSendTransactionMessageWithSigners,
  getBase58Decoder,
  type Signature
} from "@solana/kit";
import { getAddMemoInstruction } from "@solana-program/memo";

// Component that only renders when wallet is connected
function ConnectedMemoCard({ account }: { account: UiWalletAccount }) {
  const { rpc, chain } = useSolana();
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false);
  const [memoText, setMemoText] = useState("");
  const [txSignature, setTxSignature] = useState("");

  const signer = useWalletAccountTransactionSendingSigner(account, chain);

  const sendMemo = async () => {
    if (!signer) return;

    setIsLoading(true);
    try {
      const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc
        .getLatestBlockhash({ commitment: "confirmed" })
        .send();

      const memoInstruction = getAddMemoInstruction({ memo: memoText });

      const message = pipe(
        createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
        (m) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(signer, m),
        (m) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, m),
        (m) => appendTransactionMessageInstruction(memoInstruction, m)
      );

      const signature = await signAndSendTransactionMessageWithSigners(message);
      const signatureStr = getBase58Decoder().decode(signature) as Signature;

      setTxSignature(signatureStr);
      setMemoText("");
    } catch (error) {
      console.error("Memo failed:", error);
    } finally {
      setIsLoading(false);
    }
  };

  return (
    <div className="space-y-4">
      <div>
        <label className="block text-sm mb-1">Memo Message</label>
        <textarea
          value={memoText}
          onChange={(e) => setMemoText(e.target.value)}
          placeholder="Enter your memo message"
          className="w-full p-2 border rounded min-h-[100px]"
          maxLength={566}
        />
      </div>

      <button
        onClick={sendMemo}
        disabled={isLoading || !memoText.trim()}
        className="w-full p-2 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded hover:bg-blue-600 disabled:bg-gray-400"
      >
        {isLoading ? "Sending..." : "Send Memo"}
      </button>

      {txSignature && (
        <div className="p-2 border rounded text-sm">
          <p className="mb-1">Memo Sent</p>
          <a
            href={`https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${txSignature}?cluster=devnet`}
            target="_blank"
            rel="noopener noreferrer"
            className="text-blue-500 hover:underline"
          >
            View on Solana Explorer →
          </a>
        </div>
      )}
    </div>
  );
}

// Main memo component
export function MemoCard() {
  const { selectedAccount, isConnected } = useSolana();

  return (
    <div className="space-y-4 p-4 border rounded-lg">
      <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold">Send Memo</h3>
      {isConnected && selectedAccount ? (
        <ConnectedMemoCard account={selectedAccount} />
      ) : (
        <p className="text-gray-500 text-center py-4">
          Connect your wallet to send a memo
        </p>
      )}
    </div>
  );
}

5. 更新应用页面

最后，更新主应用页面。

使用提供的代码更新 app/page.tsx。此页面：

导入并使用 WalletConnectButton 和 MemoCard 组件

app/page.tsx

"use client";

import { WalletConnectButton } from "@/components/wallet-connect-button";
import { MemoCard } from "@/components/memo-card";

export default function Home() {
  return (
    <div className="min-h-screen flex items-center justify-center p-4">
      <div className="w-full max-w-md bg-card rounded-lg border shadow-lg p-6 space-y-6">
        <div className="flex justify-center">
          <WalletConnectButton />
        </div>
        <MemoCard />
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

6. 运行应用程序

现在运行应用程序以测试钱包集成。

Terminal

$ npm run dev

请注意，连接的钱包必须配置为连接到 devnet 集群，并且需要使用 devnet SOL 资金来发送交易。

1. 创建 Solana 上下文

首先，创建一个 React 上下文，用于管理整个应用程序的钱包状态。

创建 components/solana-provider.tsx 并添加提供的代码。此提供者组件将：

连接到 Solana 的开发网络 RPC 端点
筛选用户浏览器中安装的可用 Solana 钱包
跟踪当前连接的钱包和账户
为子组件提供钱包状态

2. 更新布局

接下来，用 Solana 提供者包装整个 Next.js 应用程序。

更新 app/layout.tsx 并添加提供的代码。此步骤将：

导入 SolanaProvider 组件
用 SolanaProvider 包装应用程序的子组件
确保所有页面和组件都能访问钱包功能

3. 创建钱包连接按钮

现在构建一个按钮，用于连接和断开钱包。

创建 components/wallet-connect-button.tsx 并添加提供的代码。此下拉按钮将：

点击时显示可用钱包
使用 Wallet Standard 处理钱包连接流程

4. 创建发送交易组件

创建一个组件，该组件通过调用 memo 程序发送交易，以将消息添加到翻译日志中。

此组件的目的是演示如何使用连接的钱包发送交易。

创建 components/memo-card.tsx 并添加提供的代码。此组件：

允许用户输入消息
创建一个包含调用 memo 程序指令的 Solana 交易
请求连接的钱包签署并发送交易
显示一个链接以在 Solana Explorer 上查看交易

5. 更新应用页面

最后，更新主应用页面。

使用提供的代码更新 app/page.tsx。此页面：

导入并使用 WalletConnectButton 和 MemoCard 组件

6. 运行应用程序

现在运行应用程序以测试钱包集成。

Terminal

$ npm run dev

请注意，连接的钱包必须配置为连接到 devnet 集群，并且需要使用 devnet SOL 资金来发送交易。

layout.tsx

page.tsx

solana-provider.tsx

package.json

"use client";

import React, { createContext, useContext, useState, useMemo } from "react";
import {
  useWallets,
  type UiWallet,
  type UiWalletAccount
} from "@wallet-standard/react";
import { createSolanaRpc, createSolanaRpcSubscriptions } from "@solana/kit";
import { StandardConnect } from "@wallet-standard/core";

// Create RPC connection
const RPC_ENDPOINT = "https://api.devnet.solana.com";
const WS_ENDPOINT = "wss://api.devnet.solana.com";
const chain = "solana:devnet";
const rpc = createSolanaRpc(RPC_ENDPOINT);
const ws = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions(WS_ENDPOINT);

interface SolanaContextState {
  // RPC
  rpc: ReturnType<typeof createSolanaRpc>;
  ws: ReturnType<typeof createSolanaRpcSubscriptions>;
  chain: typeof chain;

  // Wallet State
  wallets: UiWallet[];
  selectedWallet: UiWallet | null;
  selectedAccount: UiWalletAccount | null;
  isConnected: boolean;

  // Wallet Actions
  setWalletAndAccount: (
    wallet: UiWallet | null,
    account: UiWalletAccount | null
  ) => void;
}

const SolanaContext = createContext<SolanaContextState | undefined>(undefined);

export function useSolana() {
  const context = useContext(SolanaContext);
  if (!context) {
    throw new Error("useSolana must be used within a SolanaProvider");
  }
  return context;
}

export function SolanaProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  const allWallets = useWallets();

  // Filter for Solana wallets only that support signAndSendTransaction
  const wallets = useMemo(() => {
    return allWallets.filter(
      (wallet) =>
        wallet.chains?.some((c) => c.startsWith("solana:")) &&
        wallet.features.includes(StandardConnect) &&
        wallet.features.includes("solana:signAndSendTransaction")
    );
  }, [allWallets]);

  // State management
  const [selectedWallet, setSelectedWallet] = useState<UiWallet | null>(null);
  const [selectedAccount, setSelectedAccount] =
    useState<UiWalletAccount | null>(null);

  // Check if connected (account must exist in the wallet's accounts)
  const isConnected = useMemo(() => {
    if (!selectedAccount || !selectedWallet) return false;

    // Find the wallet and check if it still has this account
    const currentWallet = wallets.find((w) => w.name === selectedWallet.name);
    return !!(
      currentWallet &&
      currentWallet.accounts.some(
        (acc) => acc.address === selectedAccount.address
      )
    );
  }, [selectedAccount, selectedWallet, wallets]);

  const setWalletAndAccount = (
    wallet: UiWallet | null,
    account: UiWalletAccount | null
  ) => {
    setSelectedWallet(wallet);
    setSelectedAccount(account);
  };

  // Create context value
  const contextValue = useMemo<SolanaContextState>(
    () => ({
      // Static RPC values
      rpc,
      ws,
      chain,

      // Dynamic wallet values
      wallets,
      selectedWallet,
      selectedAccount,
      isConnected,
      setWalletAndAccount
    }),
    [wallets, selectedWallet, selectedAccount, isConnected]
  );

  return (
    <SolanaContext.Provider value={contextValue}>
      {children}
    </SolanaContext.Provider>
  );
}

Next.js - Solana Kit

资源

前置条件

创建 Next.js 项目

安装 UI 组件

安装 Solana 依赖项

实现步骤

1. 创建 Solana 上下文

2. 更新布局

3. 创建钱包连接按钮

4. 创建发送交易组件

5. 更新应用页面

6. 运行应用程序

1. 创建 Solana 上下文

2. 更新布局

3. 创建钱包连接按钮

4. 创建发送交易组件

5. 更新应用页面

6. 运行应用程序

Table of Contents