带备注的支付

Solana 的 memo 程序允许你为任何支付附加发票编号、订单 ID 或自定义参考信息。这些备注会永久记录在链上，并在交易日志中可见，方便你将支付与内部系统进行匹配。

工作原理

Memo 程序会将文本写入交易日志。这些日志会被区块浏览器和 RPC 服务商索引，使备注内容可以被搜索，便于支付对账。

参见 Solana 支付原理了解核心支付概念。

添加备注需要直接构建指令，这样你可以完全控制交易中包含的内容。

以下步骤展示了核心流程。完整可运行代码请参见演示。

导入 Memo 程序

从 getAddMemoInstruction 导入 @solana-program/memo，用于创建 memo 指令。

创建转账指令

创建代币转账指令，指定源 ATA、目标 ATA、授权人（签名者）以及以基础单位计的金额。

创建 Memo 指令

创建带有消息的 memo 指令。该消息将在交易的程序日志中可见。

发送带备注的交易

将转账指令和 memo 指令合并到同一笔交易中。

在交易日志中查看 Memo

交易确认后，获取该交易即可在日志中查看 Memo。Memo 会作为 Memo 程序的日志消息显示。

Example Transaction Logs

"Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb invoke [1]",
"Program log: Instruction: Transfer",
"Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb consumed 1682 of 200000 compute units",
"Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb success",
"Program MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr invoke [1]",
'Program log: Memo (len 46): "Payment for services rendered - Invoice #12345"',
"Program MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr consumed 18097 of 198318 compute units",
"Program MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr success",
"Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]",
"Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success"

导入 Memo 程序

从 getAddMemoInstruction 导入 @solana-program/memo，用于创建 memo 指令。

创建转账指令

创建代币转账指令，指定源 ATA、目标 ATA、授权人（签名者）以及以基础单位计的金额。

创建 Memo 指令

创建带有消息的 memo 指令。该消息将在交易的程序日志中可见。

发送带备注的交易

将转账指令和 memo 指令合并到同一笔交易中。

在交易日志中查看 Memo

交易确认后，获取该交易即可在日志中查看 Memo。Memo 会作为 Memo 程序的日志消息显示。

Example Transaction Logs

"Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb invoke [1]",
"Program log: Instruction: Transfer",
"Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb consumed 1682 of 200000 compute units",
"Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb success",
"Program MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr invoke [1]",
'Program log: Memo (len 46): "Payment for services rendered - Invoice #12345"',
"Program MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr consumed 18097 of 198318 compute units",
"Program MemoSq4gqABAXKb96qnH8TysNcWxMyWCqXgDLGmfcHr success",
"Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]",
"Program ComputeBudget111111111111111111111111111111 success"

Payment with Memo

import { getAddMemoInstruction } from "@solana-program/memo";

演示

Demo



// Generate keypairs for sender and recipient
const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const recipient = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);
console.log("Recipient Address:", recipient.address);

// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token accounts, and fund with initial tokens
const { client, mint } = await demoSetup(sender, recipient);

console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);

// Derive the Associated Token Accounts addresses (ATAs) for sender and recipient
const [senderAta] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: sender.address,
  tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

const [recipientAta] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: recipient.address,
  tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

console.log("Sender Token Account:", senderAta.toString());
console.log("Recipient Token Account:", recipientAta.toString());

// =============================================================================
// Token Payment with Memo Demo
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to transfer tokens from sender to recipient
// Transferring 250,000 base units = 0.25 tokens (with 6 decimals)
const transferInstruction = getTransferInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  destination: recipientAta,
  authority: sender.address,
  amount: 250_000n // 0.25 tokens
});

// Create instruction to add a memo to the transaction
const memoInstruction = getAddMemoInstruction({
  memo: "Payment for services rendered - Invoice #12345"
});

// Prepare and send transaction with both transfer and memo using @solana/client
const signature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [transferInstruction, memoInstruction],
  version: 0
});

console.log("\n=== Token Payment with Memo Complete ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", signature.toString());

// Fetch final token account balances using @solana/client SPL token helper
const splToken = client.splToken({
  mint: mint.address,
  tokenProgram: "auto"
});

const senderBalance = await splToken.fetchBalance(sender.address);
const recipientBalance = await splToken.fetchBalance(recipient.address);

console.log("\nSender Token Account Balance:", senderBalance);
console.log("Recipient Token Account Balance:", recipientBalance);

// Fetch transaction details to view the memo in the logs
const transaction = await client.runtime.rpc
  .getTransaction(signature, {
    encoding: "jsonParsed",
    maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0
  })
  .send();

console.log("\nTransaction logs with Memo:");
console.log(transaction?.meta?.logMessages);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

Demo



// Generate keypairs for sender and recipient
const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;
const recipient = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);
console.log("Recipient Address:", recipient.address);

// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token accounts, and fund with initial tokens
const { client, mint } = await demoSetup(sender, recipient);

console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);

// Derive the Associated Token Accounts addresses (ATAs) for sender and recipient
const [senderAta] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: sender.address,
  tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

const [recipientAta] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
  mint: mint.address,
  owner: recipient.address,
  tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS
});

console.log("Sender Token Account:", senderAta.toString());
console.log("Recipient Token Account:", recipientAta.toString());

// =============================================================================
// Token Payment with Memo Demo
// =============================================================================

// Create instruction to transfer tokens from sender to recipient
// Transferring 250,000 base units = 0.25 tokens (with 6 decimals)
const transferInstruction = getTransferInstruction({
  source: senderAta,
  destination: recipientAta,
  authority: sender.address,
  amount: 250_000n // 0.25 tokens
});

// Create instruction to add a memo to the transaction
const memoInstruction = getAddMemoInstruction({
  memo: "Payment for services rendered - Invoice #12345"
});

// Prepare and send transaction with both transfer and memo using @solana/client
const signature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({
  authority: sender,
  instructions: [transferInstruction, memoInstruction],
  version: 0
});

console.log("\n=== Token Payment with Memo Complete ===");
console.log("Transaction Signature:", signature.toString());

// Fetch final token account balances using @solana/client SPL token helper
const splToken = client.splToken({
  mint: mint.address,
  tokenProgram: "auto"
});

const senderBalance = await splToken.fetchBalance(sender.address);
const recipientBalance = await splToken.fetchBalance(recipient.address);

console.log("\nSender Token Account Balance:", senderBalance);
console.log("Recipient Token Account Balance:", recipientBalance);

// Fetch transaction details to view the memo in the logs
const transaction = await client.runtime.rpc
  .getTransaction(signature, {
    encoding: "jsonParsed",
    maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0
  })
  .send();

console.log("\nTransaction logs with Memo:");
console.log(transaction?.meta?.logMessages);

// =============================================================================
// Demo Setup Helper Function
// =============================================================================

Console

Click to execute the code.

带备注的支付

工作原理

导入 Memo 程序

创建转账指令

创建 Memo 指令

发送带备注的交易

在交易日志中查看 Memo

导入 Memo 程序

创建转账指令

创建 Memo 指令

发送带备注的交易

在交易日志中查看 Memo

演示

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