账户管理 | Solana

用于管理账户、余额及设置账户状态的方法。

airdrop

airdrop(address: Address, lamports: Lamports): TransactionMetadata | FailedTransactionMetadata | null

向账户注入 lamport。

import { lamports } from "@solana/kit";

// Airdrop 5 SOL
const result = client.svm.airdrop(account.address, lamports(5_000_000_000n));

if (result) {
  // Note: Result properties are getter functions
  console.log("Compute units:", result.computeUnitsConsumed());
}

setAccount

setAccount(account: EncodedAccount): LiteSVM

无需交易，直接设置账户状态。

import { address, lamports } from "@solana/kit";

client.svm.setAccount({
  address: myAddress,
  data: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
  executable: false,
  lamports: lamports(1_000_000n),
  programAddress: address("11111111111111111111111111111111"),
  space: 4n
});

EncodedAccount 属性

属性	类型	描述
`address`	`Address`	账户公钥
`data`	`Uint8Array`	账户数据字节
`executable`	`boolean`	账户是否可执行
`lamports`	`Lamports`	SOL 余额
`programAddress`	`Address`	所属程序
`space`	`bigint`	数据大小（字节）

getAccount

getAccount(address: Address): MaybeEncodedAccount

获取账户数据。

const account = client.svm.getAccount(myAddress);

if (account.exists) {
  console.log("Address:", account.address);
  console.log("Lamports:", account.lamports);
  console.log("Owner:", account.programAddress);
  console.log("Data:", account.data);
  console.log("Executable:", account.executable);
}

getBalance

getBalance(address: Address): Lamports | null

获取账户 SOL 余额。如果账户不存在，则返回 null。

const balance = client.svm.getBalance(account.address);

if (balance !== null) {
  console.log("Balance:", balance, "lamports");
  console.log("Balance:", Number(balance) / 1e9, "SOL");
} else {
  console.log("Account does not exist");
}

minimumBalanceForRentExemption

minimumBalanceForRentExemption(dataLen: bigint): bigint

计算免除 rent 所需的最低 lamport 数量。

const dataSize = 100n;
const minBalance = client.svm.minimumBalanceForRentExemption(dataSize);

console.log(
  `Rent-exempt minimum for ${dataSize} bytes:`,
  minBalance,
  "lamports"
);

// Use when setting up accounts
client.svm.setAccount({
  address: myAddress,
  data: new Uint8Array(Number(dataSize)),
  executable: false,
  lamports: lamports(minBalance),
  programAddress: programId,
  space: dataSize
});

程序管理

addProgram

addProgram(programId: Address, programBytes: Uint8Array): LiteSVM

从字节加载程序。

const programBytes = fs.readFileSync("path/to/program.so");
client.svm.addProgram(programId, programBytes);

addProgramFromFile

addProgramFromFile(programId: Address, path: string): LiteSVM

从 .so 文件路径加载程序。

import { generateKeyPairSigner } from "@solana/kit";

const programId = await generateKeyPairSigner().then((s) => s.address);
client.svm.addProgramFromFile(
  programId,
  "/path/to/target/deploy/my_program.so"
);

批量账户设置

在测试中，您可以高效地设置多个账户：

// Set up multiple test accounts
const accounts = await Promise.all(
  Array.from({ length: 10 }, () => generateKeyPairSigner())
);

for (const [index, account] of accounts.entries()) {
  client.svm.setAccount({
    address: account.address,
    data: new Uint8Array([index]),
    executable: false,
    lamports: lamports(1_000_000n),
    programAddress: address("11111111111111111111111111111111"),
    space: 1n
  });
}

批量设置账户时，使用 setAccount 比 airdrop 更快，因为它无需执行交易。

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