支付高级支付

支出权限

Solana 的 Token Programs 支持委托功能——允许你授权其他账户在指定额度内，从你的 token account 转移 token。这使得自动化支付、托管服务和第三方支付处理等场景成为可能，同时无需放弃对资金的控制权。

委托的工作原理

当你批准一个代理人（delegate）时，就是授权某个特定账户可以代表你转移 token：

  • 所有权不变：你仍然拥有这些 token，并可随时转移或撤销权限
  • 支出额度受限：代理人只能在批准的额度内转移 token
  • 每个账户仅限一个代理：每个 token account 只能有一个活跃代理
  • 新授权覆盖旧授权：批准新代理会自动撤销之前的代理权限

委托是非托管的。代理人只能在额度范围内支出 token，无法访问或转移超出批准额度的资金。账户所有者可随时撤销权限。

商业应用场景

应用场景委托如何发挥作用
支付处理商商户授权处理商结算交易
自动化工资发放财务部门批准工资服务商发放薪资
托管服务买方将权限委托给托管代理人以实现有条件释放
交易平台用户授权交易所代表其执行交易
卡片发行用户授权发卡机构将消费记入其 token account

授权代理人

授权其他账户从你的账户中支出代币：

import { getApproveCheckedInstruction } from "@solana-program/token";



// Approve delegate to spend up to 1,000 USDC (6 decimals)

const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({

  source: tokenAccountAddress, // Your token account

  mint: usdcMintAddress, // USDC mint

  delegate: delegateAddress, // Account receiving permission

  owner: ownerKeypair, // You (must sign)

  amount: 1_000_000_000n, // 1,000 USDC in base units

  decimals: 6

});

参数：

  • source：授予权限的 token account
  • delegate：将获得支出权限的账户
  • owner：token account 当前所有者（必须签署交易）
  • amount：代理可转移的最大代币数量
  • decimals：用于校验的代币小数位数（防止小数错误）

演示

Approve Delegate


// Generate keypairs for sender and delegate

const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;



console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);

console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);



// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token account, and fund with initial tokens

const { client, mint, senderAta } = await demoSetup(sender);



console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);

console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);



// =============================================================================

// Approve Delegate

// =============================================================================



// Create instruction to approve delegate

const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({

  source: senderAta,

  mint: mint.address,

  delegate: delegate.address,

  owner: sender,

  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals

  decimals: 6

});



// Send approve transaction

const signature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({

  authority: sender,

  instructions: [approveInstruction]

});



console.log("\n=== Approve Delegate ===");

console.log("Transaction Signature:", signature);



// Fetch token account data to show delegate is set

const tokenData = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);

console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenData.data);



// =============================================================================

// Demo Setup Helper Function

// =============================================================================
Console
Click to execute the code.

撤销代理

移除当前代理的所有支出权限：

import { getRevokeInstruction } from "@solana-program/token";



const revokeInstruction = getRevokeInstruction({

  source: tokenAccountAddress, // Your token account

  owner: ownerKeypair // You (must sign)

});

撤销会移除所有代理权限——无法部分撤销。如果你需要降低额度，请用更低的金额重新授权同一个代理。

演示

Revoke Delegate


// Generate keypairs for sender and delegate

const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;



console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);

console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);



// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token account, and fund with initial tokens

const { client, mint, senderAta } = await demoSetup(sender);



console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);

console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);



// =============================================================================

// Transaction 1: Approve Delegate

// =============================================================================



// Create instruction to approve delegate

const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({

  source: senderAta,

  mint: mint.address,

  delegate: delegate.address,

  owner: sender,

  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals

  decimals: 6

});



// Send approve transaction

const approveSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({

  authority: sender,

  instructions: [approveInstruction]

});



console.log("\n=== Transaction 1: Approve Delegate ===");

console.log("Transaction Signature:", approveSignature);



// Fetch token account data to show delegate is set

const tokenDataAfterApprove = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);

console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenDataAfterApprove.data);



// =============================================================================

// Transaction 2: Revoke Delegate

// =============================================================================



// Create instruction to revoke delegate

const revokeInstruction = getRevokeInstruction({

  source: senderAta,

  owner: sender

});



// Send revoke transaction

const revokeSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({

  authority: sender,

  instructions: [revokeInstruction]

});



console.log("\n=== Transaction 2: Revoke Delegate ===");

console.log("Transaction Signature:", revokeSignature);



// Fetch token account data to show delegate is revoked

const tokenDataAfterRevoke = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);

console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenDataAfterRevoke.data);



// =============================================================================

// Demo Setup Helper Function

// =============================================================================
Console
Click to execute the code.

作为代理进行转账

作为代理操作时，使用标准转账，但需用代理的 keypair 签名，而不是所有者：

Transfer as Delegate
import { getTransferCheckedInstruction } from "@solana-program/token";



const transferInstruction = getTransferCheckedInstruction({

  source: ownerTokenAccount, // The account you have permission to spend from

  mint: usdcMintAddress,

  destination: recipientTokenAccount,

  authority: delegateKeypair, // You (the delegate) sign, not the owner

  amount: 100_000_000n, // 100 USDC

  decimals: 6

});

转账成功的条件：

  • 源账户余额充足
  • 代理签署了交易

每次转账都会减少剩余额度。当额度为零时，代理将无法再转移代币。

演示

Transfer as Delegate


// Generate keypairs for sender, delegate, and recipient

const sender = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

const delegate = (await generateKeypair()).signer;

const recipient = (await generateKeypair()).signer;



console.log("Sender Address:", sender.address);

console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);

console.log("Recipient Address:", recipient.address);



// Demo Setup: Create client, mint account, token accounts, and fund with initial tokens

const { client, mint, senderAta, recipientAta } = await demoSetup(

  sender,

  delegate,

  recipient

);



console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address);

console.log("Sender ATA:", senderAta);

console.log("Recipient ATA:", recipientAta);



// =============================================================================

// Transaction 1: Approve Delegate

// =============================================================================



// Create instruction to approve delegate

const approveInstruction = getApproveCheckedInstruction({

  source: senderAta,

  mint: mint.address,

  delegate: delegate.address,

  owner: sender,

  amount: 1_000_000n, // 1.0 tokens with 6 decimals

  decimals: 6

});



// Send approve transaction

const approveSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({

  authority: sender,

  instructions: [approveInstruction]

});



console.log("\n=== Transaction 1: Approve Delegate ===");

console.log("Delegate Address:", delegate.address);

console.log("Transaction Signature:", approveSignature);



// =============================================================================

// Fetch Token Account Data to Demonstrate Delegate is Set

// =============================================================================



const tokenAccountData = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);

console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", tokenAccountData.data);



// =============================================================================

// Transaction 2: Transfer Using Delegate

// =============================================================================



// Create instruction to transfer tokens using delegate

// Note: delegate is the authority here, not the owner

const transferInstruction = getTransferCheckedInstruction({

  source: senderAta,

  mint: mint.address,

  destination: recipientAta,

  authority: delegate, // Delegate signs this transaction

  amount: 500_000n, // 0.5 tokens with 6 decimals

  decimals: 6

});



// Send transfer transaction

// Delegate pays for the transaction and authorizes the transfer (sender not needed)

const transferSignature = await client.transaction.prepareAndSend({

  authority: delegate, // Delegate pays fee and signs

  instructions: [transferInstruction]

});



// =============================================================================

// Fetch Final Token Account Balances

// =============================================================================



const finalSenderToken = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, senderAta);

const finalRecipientToken = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, recipientAta);



console.log("\n=== Transaction 2: Transfer Using Delegate ===");

console.log("Transaction Signature:", transferSignature);

console.log("\nSender Token Account Data:", finalSenderToken.data);

console.log("\nRecipient Token Account Data:", finalRecipientToken.data);



// =============================================================================

// Demo Setup Helper Function

// =============================================================================
Console
Click to execute the code.

检查代理状态

查询 token account 以查看其当前代理及剩余额度：

import { fetchToken } from "@solana-program/token";



const tokenAccount = await fetchToken(rpc, tokenAccountAddress);



if (tokenAccount.data.delegate) {

  console.log("Delegate:", tokenAccount.data.delegate);

  console.log("Remaining allowance:", tokenAccount.data.delegatedAmount);

} else {

  console.log("No delegate set");

}

演示

Check Delegation Status


// Demo Setup: Create client, mint, two token accounts (one with delegate, one without)

const { client, ataWithDelegate, ataWithoutDelegate } = await demoSetup();



// =============================================================================

// Fetch Token Accounts

// =============================================================================



// Fetch token account with delegate

const tokenWithDelegate = await fetchToken(client.runtime.rpc, ataWithDelegate);

console.log("Token Account with Delegate:", tokenWithDelegate);



// Fetch token account without delegate

const tokenWithoutDelegate = await fetchToken(

  client.runtime.rpc,

  ataWithoutDelegate

);

console.log("\nToken Account without Delegate:", tokenWithoutDelegate);



// =============================================================================

// Demo Setup Helper Function

// =============================================================================
Console
Click to execute the code.

安全注意事项

账户所有者须知：

  • 仅批准可信的代理
  • 设置所需的最低支出限额
  • 不再需要时及时撤销代理权限
  • 监控账户，防止异常转账

服务提供方（代理）须知：

  • 向用户明确告知所请求的支出限额
  • 对代理账户进行妥善的密钥管理
  • 跟踪额度消耗情况，额度用尽前及时申请重新授权

代理与托管的区别

方面代理授权完全托管
Token 所有权用户保留用户转移给托管方
支出控制限于批准额度可支配全部已转移资金
撤销权限所有者可即时撤销需托管方配合
风险敞口限于批准额度全部余额
信任要求有限高

代理授权提供了一种折中方式——既能实现自动化支付，又能将风险敞口限制在批准额度内。

相关资源

资源说明
Approve Delegate如何授权其他账户支配你的 token account。
Revoke Delegate如何移除现有代理并撤销其支出权限。
Transfer Token如何在 token account 之间转账。

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