创建一个 Token Mint

如何使用 Confidential Transfer 扩展创建一个 mint

Confidential Transfer 扩展通过向 mint account 添加额外的状态，支持私密的 token 转账。本节将解释如何启用此扩展来创建一个 token mint。

下图展示了使用 Confidential Transfer 扩展创建一个 mint 的步骤：

Create Mint with Confidential Transfer Extension

Confidential Transfer Mint 状态

该扩展向 mint account 添加了 ConfidentialTransferMint 状态：

Confidential Mint State

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Pod, Zeroable)]
pub struct ConfidentialTransferMint {
    /// Authority to modify the `ConfidentialTransferMint` configuration and to
    /// approve new accounts (if `auto_approve_new_accounts` is true)
    ///
    /// The legacy Token Multisig account is not supported as the authority
    pub authority: OptionalNonZeroPubkey,

    /// Indicate if newly configured accounts must be approved by the
    /// `authority` before they may be used by the user.
    ///
    /// * If `true`, no approval is required and new accounts may be used
    ///   immediately
    /// * If `false`, the authority must approve newly configured accounts (see
    ///   `ConfidentialTransferInstruction::ConfigureAccount`)
    pub auto_approve_new_accounts: PodBool,

    /// Authority to decode any transfer amount in a confidential transfer.
    pub auditor_elgamal_pubkey: OptionalNonZeroElGamalPubkey,
}

ConfidentialTransferMint 包含三个配置字段：

authority：有权限更改 mint 的 Confidential Transfer 设置并在禁用自动审批时批准新的 confidential accounts 的账户。
auto_approve_new_accounts：当设置为 true 时，用户可以默认启用 Confidential Transfer 创建 token accounts。当设置为 false 时，authority 必须批准每个新的 token account 后才能用于 Confidential Transfer。
auditor_elgamal_pubkey：一个可选的审计员，可以解密 Confidential Transfer 交易中的转账金额，提供合规机制，同时保持对公众的隐私。

必需的指令

启用 Confidential Transfer 的 mint 创建需要在单个交易中包含三个指令：

创建 Mint Account：调用 System Program 的 CreateAccount 指令来创建 mint account。
初始化 Confidential Transfer 扩展：调用 Token Extension Program 的 ConfidentialTransferInstruction::InitializeMint 指令来配置 mint 的 ConfidentialTransferMint 状态。
初始化 Mint：调用 Token Extension Program 的 Instruction::InitializeMint 指令来初始化标准的 mint 状态。

虽然您可以手动编写这些指令，但 spl_token_client crate 提供了一个 create_mint 方法，可以在单个函数调用中构建并发送包含所有三个指令的交易，如以下示例所示。

示例代码

以下代码演示了如何使用机密转账扩展创建一个 mint。

要运行此示例，请使用以下命令启动一个从主网克隆的包含 Token Extension Program 的本地 validator。您必须安装 Solana CLI 才能启动本地 validator。

Terminal

$ solana-test-validator --clone-upgradeable-program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com -r

在撰写本文时，机密转账功能尚未在默认的本地 validator 上启用。您必须克隆主网的 Token Extension Program 才能运行示例代码。

use anyhow::{Context, Result};
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
};
use spl_token_client::{
    client::{ProgramRpcClient, ProgramRpcClientSendTransaction},
    spl_token_2022::id as token_2022_program_id,
    token::{ExtensionInitializationParams, Token},
};
use std::sync::Arc;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create connection to local test validator
    let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
    );

    // Load the default Solana CLI keypair to use as the fee payer
    // This will be the wallet paying for the transaction fees
    // Use Arc to prevent multiple clones of the keypair
    let payer = Arc::new(load_keypair()?);
    println!("Using payer: {}", payer.pubkey());

    // Generate a new keypair to use as the address of the token mint
    let mint = Keypair::new();
    println!("Mint keypair generated: {}", mint.pubkey());

    // Set up program client for Token client
    let program_client =
        ProgramRpcClient::new(Arc::new(rpc_client), ProgramRpcClientSendTransaction);

    // Number of decimals for the mint
    let decimals = 9;

    // Create a token client for the Token-2022 program
    // This provides high-level methods for token operations
    let token = Token::new(
        Arc::new(program_client),
        &token_2022_program_id(), // Use the Token-2022 program (newer version with extensions)
        &mint.pubkey(),           // Address of the new token mint
        Some(decimals),           // Number of decimal places
        payer.clone(),            // Fee payer for transactions (cloning Arc, not keypair)
    );

    // Create extension initialization parameters
    // The ConfidentialTransferMint extension enables confidential (private) transfers of tokens
    let extension_initialization_params =
        vec![ExtensionInitializationParams::ConfidentialTransferMint {
            authority: Some(payer.pubkey()), // Authority that can modify confidential transfer settings
            auto_approve_new_accounts: true, // Automatically approve new confidential accounts
            auditor_elgamal_pubkey: None,    // Optional auditor ElGamal public key
        }];

    // Create and initialize the mint with the ConfidentialTransferMint extension
    // This sends a transaction to create the new token mint
    let transaction_signature = token
        .create_mint(
            &payer.pubkey(),                 // Mint authority - can mint new tokens
            Some(&payer.pubkey()),           // Freeze authority - can freeze token accounts
            extension_initialization_params, // Add the ConfidentialTransferMint extension
            &[&mint],                        // Mint keypair needed as signer
        )
        .await?;

    // Print results for user verification
    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    Ok(())
}

// Load the keypair from the default Solana CLI keypair path (~/.config/solana/id.json)
// This enables using the same wallet as the Solana CLI tools
fn load_keypair() -> Result<Keypair> {
    // Get the default keypair path
    let keypair_path = dirs::home_dir()
        .context("Could not find home directory")?
        .join(".config/solana/id.json");

    // Read the keypair file directly into bytes using serde_json
    // The keypair file is a JSON array of bytes
    let file = std::fs::File::open(&keypair_path)?;
    let keypair_bytes: Vec<u8> = serde_json::from_reader(file)?;

    // Create keypair from the loaded bytes
    // This converts the byte array into a keypair
    let keypair = Keypair::from_bytes(&keypair_bytes)?;

    Ok(keypair)
}

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Click to execute the code.

use anyhow::{Context, Result};
use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::{
    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
};
use spl_token_client::{
    client::{ProgramRpcClient, ProgramRpcClientSendTransaction},
    spl_token_2022::id as token_2022_program_id,
    token::{ExtensionInitializationParams, Token},
};
use std::sync::Arc;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    // Create connection to local test validator
    let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(
        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),
        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),
    );

    // Load the default Solana CLI keypair to use as the fee payer
    // This will be the wallet paying for the transaction fees
    // Use Arc to prevent multiple clones of the keypair
    let payer = Arc::new(load_keypair()?);
    println!("Using payer: {}", payer.pubkey());

    // Generate a new keypair to use as the address of the token mint
    let mint = Keypair::new();
    println!("Mint keypair generated: {}", mint.pubkey());

    // Set up program client for Token client
    let program_client =
        ProgramRpcClient::new(Arc::new(rpc_client), ProgramRpcClientSendTransaction);

    // Number of decimals for the mint
    let decimals = 9;

    // Create a token client for the Token-2022 program
    // This provides high-level methods for token operations
    let token = Token::new(
        Arc::new(program_client),
        &token_2022_program_id(), // Use the Token-2022 program (newer version with extensions)
        &mint.pubkey(),           // Address of the new token mint
        Some(decimals),           // Number of decimal places
        payer.clone(),            // Fee payer for transactions (cloning Arc, not keypair)
    );

    // Create extension initialization parameters
    // The ConfidentialTransferMint extension enables confidential (private) transfers of tokens
    let extension_initialization_params =
        vec![ExtensionInitializationParams::ConfidentialTransferMint {
            authority: Some(payer.pubkey()), // Authority that can modify confidential transfer settings
            auto_approve_new_accounts: true, // Automatically approve new confidential accounts
            auditor_elgamal_pubkey: None,    // Optional auditor ElGamal public key
        }];

    // Create and initialize the mint with the ConfidentialTransferMint extension
    // This sends a transaction to create the new token mint
    let transaction_signature = token
        .create_mint(
            &payer.pubkey(),                 // Mint authority - can mint new tokens
            Some(&payer.pubkey()),           // Freeze authority - can freeze token accounts
            extension_initialization_params, // Add the ConfidentialTransferMint extension
            &[&mint],                        // Mint keypair needed as signer
        )
        .await?;

    // Print results for user verification
    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());
    println!("Transaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);

    Ok(())
}

// Load the keypair from the default Solana CLI keypair path (~/.config/solana/id.json)
// This enables using the same wallet as the Solana CLI tools
fn load_keypair() -> Result<Keypair> {
    // Get the default keypair path
    let keypair_path = dirs::home_dir()
        .context("Could not find home directory")?
        .join(".config/solana/id.json");

    // Read the keypair file directly into bytes using serde_json
    // The keypair file is a JSON array of bytes
    let file = std::fs::File::open(&keypair_path)?;
    let keypair_bytes: Vec<u8> = serde_json::from_reader(file)?;

    // Create keypair from the loaded bytes
    // This converts the byte array into a keypair
    let keypair = Keypair::from_bytes(&keypair_bytes)?;

    Ok(keypair)
}