Ορισμός Εξουσιοδότησης
Κατανόηση των Εξουσιοδοτήσεων Token
Εξουσιοδοτήσεις Mint Account
- Εξουσιοδότηση Mint: Ελέγχει τη δημιουργία νέων tokens. Μπορεί να δημιουργήσει tokens σε οποιοδήποτε token account. Συχνά ανακαλείται μετά τη δημιουργία της αρχικής προσφοράς για να δημιουργηθεί ένα token με σταθερή προσφορά.
- Εξουσιοδότηση Παγώματος: Ελέγχει τη δυνατότητα παγώματος και ξεπαγώματος των token accounts. Μπορεί να αποτρέψει οποιοδήποτε token account από τη μεταφορά tokens. Συχνά ανακαλείται για να εγγυηθεί στους χρήστες ότι τα tokens τους δεν μπορούν να παγώσουν.
Εξουσιοδοτήσεις Token Account
- Κάτοχος Λογαριασμού: Έχει πλήρη έλεγχο του token account. Μπορεί να μεταφέρει tokens, να κάψει tokens, να εγκρίνει εκπροσώπους και να κλείσει τον λογαριασμό όταν το υπόλοιπο είναι μηδέν.
- Εξουσιοδότηση Κλεισίματος: Μπορεί να κλείσει το token account όταν το υπόλοιπό του είναι μηδέν. Από προεπιλογή, αυτός είναι ο κάτοχος του λογαριασμού, αλλά μπορεί να ανατεθεί σε άλλο λογαριασμό.
Πώς να ορίσετε εξουσιοδότηση
Η εντολή
SetAuthority
αλλάζει ή ανακαλεί εξουσιοδοτήσεις σε mint accounts και token accounts. Μόνο η
τρέχουσα εξουσιοδότηση μπορεί να μεταφέρει τα δικαιώματά της σε μια νέα
διεύθυνση ή να τα ανακαλέσει μόνιμα ορίζοντας την εξουσιοδότηση ως null. Μόλις
ανακληθεί, η εξουσιοδότηση δεν μπορεί να αποκατασταθεί.
Το Token Program και το Token Extension Program μοιράζονται παρόμοιες υλοποιήσεις για την επίτευξη της ίδιας λειτουργικότητας.
Typescript
import {airdropFactory,appendTransactionMessageInstructions,createSolanaRpc,createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,createTransactionMessage,generateKeyPairSigner,getSignatureFromTransaction,lamports,pipe,sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,signTransactionMessageWithSigners} from "@solana/kit";import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";import {getInitializeMintInstruction,getMintSize,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,findAssociatedTokenPda,getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,getSetAuthorityInstruction,AuthorityType} from "@solana-program/token";// Create Connection, local validator in this exampleconst rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");// Generate keypairs for fee payer and new authorityconst feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();const newAuthority = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Fund fee payerawait airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({recipientAddress: feePayer.address,lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),commitment: "confirmed"});// Generate keypair to use as address of mintconst mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabledconst space = BigInt(getMintSize());// Get minimum balance for rent exemptionconst rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();// Get latest blockhash to include in transactionconst { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)// Invokes the system programconst createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: feePayer,newAccount: mint,lamports: rent,space,programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});// Instruction to initialize mint account data// Invokes the token programconst initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address,decimals: 9,mintAuthority: feePayer.address,freezeAuthority: feePayer.address});// Use findAssociatedTokenPda to derive the ATA addressconst [associatedTokenAddress] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: feePayer.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});// Create instruction to create the associated token accountconst createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({payer: feePayer,mint: mint.address,owner: feePayer.address});const instructions = [createAccountInstruction,initializeMintInstruction,createAtaInstruction];// Create transaction messageconst transactionMessage = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),(tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx));// Sign transaction message with all required signersconst signedTransaction =await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTransaction,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);console.log("\nMint Address:", mint.address.toString());console.log("New Authority Address:", newAuthority.address.toString());console.log("Associated Token Account Address:",associatedTokenAddress.toString());console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", transactionSignature);// Get a fresh blockhash for the authority change transactionconst { value: authorityBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();// 1. Change Mint Authority (MintTokens)const setMintAuthorityIx = getSetAuthorityInstruction({owned: mint.address,owner: feePayer,authorityType: AuthorityType.MintTokens,newAuthority: newAuthority.address});// 2. Change Freeze Authority (FreezeAccount)const setFreezeAuthorityIx = getSetAuthorityInstruction({owned: mint.address,owner: feePayer,authorityType: AuthorityType.FreezeAccount,newAuthority: newAuthority.address});// Create transaction message for authority changesconst authorityTxMessage = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(authorityBlockhash, tx),(tx) =>appendTransactionMessageInstructions([setMintAuthorityIx, setFreezeAuthorityIx],tx));// Sign transaction message with all required signersconst signedAuthorityTx =await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(authorityTxMessage);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedAuthorityTx,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature2 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedAuthorityTx);console.log("\nSuccessfully changed mint and freeze authorities");console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature2);// Get a fresh blockhash for the revoke transactionconst { value: revokeBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();// 3. Example of revoking authority (setting to null)const revokeMintAuthorityIx = getSetAuthorityInstruction({owned: mint.address,owner: newAuthority,authorityType: AuthorityType.MintTokens,newAuthority: null});// Create transaction message for revokingconst revokeTxMessage = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx),(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(revokeBlockhash, tx),(tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions([revokeMintAuthorityIx], tx));// Sign transaction message with all required signers (newAuthority needs to sign)const signedRevokeTx = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(revokeTxMessage);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedRevokeTx,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature3 = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedRevokeTx);console.log("\nSuccessfully revoked mint authority");console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature3);
Console
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Rust
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;use solana_sdk::{program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},transaction::Transaction,};use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;use spl_token_interface::{id as token_program_id,instruction::{initialize_mint, set_authority, AuthorityType},state::Mint,};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {// Create connection to local validatorlet client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let latest_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;// Generate a new keypair for the fee payerlet fee_payer = Keypair::new();// Generate a new keypair for the new authoritylet new_authority = Keypair::new();// Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payerlet airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000).await?;client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;loop {let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;if confirmed {break;}}// Generate keypair to use as address of mintlet mint = Keypair::new();// Number of decimals for the mintlet decimals = 2;// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabledlet mint_space = Mint::LEN;let mint_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space).await?;// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)let create_account_instruction = create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // payer&mint.pubkey(), // new account (mint)mint_rent, // lamportsmint_space as u64, // space&token_program_id(), // program id);// Instruction to initialize mint account datalet initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(&token_program_id(),&mint.pubkey(), // mint&fee_payer.pubkey(), // mint authoritySome(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authoritydecimals, // decimals)?;// Create transaction and add instructionslet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],latest_blockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionclient.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;let mint_data = Mint::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("{:#?}", mint_data);// 1. Change Mint Authority (MintTokens)let set_mint_authority_ix = set_authority(&token_program_id(), // program id&mint.pubkey(), // mint accountSome(&new_authority.pubkey()), // new authorityAuthorityType::MintTokens, // authority type&fee_payer.pubkey(), // current authority&[&fee_payer.pubkey()], // signers)?;// 2. Change Freeze Authority (FreezeAccount)let set_freeze_authority_ix = set_authority(&token_program_id(), // program id&mint.pubkey(), // mint accountSome(&new_authority.pubkey()), // new authorityAuthorityType::FreezeAccount, // authority type&fee_payer.pubkey(), // current authority&[&fee_payer.pubkey()], // signers)?;// Create transaction for authority changeslet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[set_mint_authority_ix, set_freeze_authority_ix],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],latest_blockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionclient.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;let mint_data = Mint::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;println!("\nMint and Freeze Authorities Updated");println!("{:#?}", mint_data);// 3. Example of revoking authority (setting to null)let revoke_mint_authority_ix = set_authority(&token_program_id(), // program id&mint.pubkey(), // mint accountNone, // new authority (None to revoke)AuthorityType::MintTokens, // authority type&new_authority.pubkey(), // current authority&[&new_authority.pubkey()], // signers)?;// Create transaction for revokinglet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[revoke_mint_authority_ix],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &new_authority], // new_authority needs to signlatest_blockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionclient.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;let mint_data = Mint::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;println!("\nMint Authority Revoked");println!("{:#?}", mint_data);Ok(())}
Console
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Python
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3import asynciofrom solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClientfrom solders.keypair import Keypairfrom solders.pubkey import Pubkeyfrom solders.transaction import VersionedTransactionfrom solders.message import MessageV0from spl.token.instructions import set_authority, SetAuthorityParamsfrom spl.token.constants import TOKEN_PROGRAM_IDfrom spl.token.instructions import AuthorityTypeasync def main():rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")# Example keypairs and addressespayer = Keypair()current_authority = Keypair()new_authority = Keypair()mint_or_account = Pubkey.from_string("4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU")async with rpc:# Set new mint authorityset_mint_authority_instruction = set_authority(SetAuthorityParams(program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,account=mint_or_account,authority=AuthorityType.MINT_TOKENS,current_authority=current_authority.pubkey(),new_authority=new_authority.pubkey()))# Get latest blockhashrecent_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()# Create messagemessage = MessageV0.try_compile(payer=payer.pubkey(),instructions=[set_mint_authority_instruction],address_lookup_table_accounts=[],recent_blockhash=recent_blockhash.value.blockhash)# Create transactiontransaction = VersionedTransaction(message, [payer, current_authority])print(f"Account/Mint: {mint_or_account}")print(f"Current Authority: {current_authority.pubkey()}")print(f"New Authority: {new_authority.pubkey()}")print(f"Authority Type: MintTokens")print(f"Payer: {payer.pubkey()}")print(f"Set authority transaction created successfully")async def set_freeze_authority_example():"""Example of setting freeze authority"""rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")payer = Keypair()current_authority = Keypair()new_authority = Keypair()mint_address = Pubkey.from_string("4zMMC9srt5Ri5X14GAgXhaHii3GnPAEERYPJgZJDncDU")async with rpc:# Set freeze authorityset_freeze_authority_instruction = set_authority(SetAuthorityParams(program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,account=mint_address,authority=AuthorityType.FREEZE_ACCOUNT,current_authority=current_authority.pubkey(),new_authority=new_authority.pubkey()))recent_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()message = MessageV0.try_compile(payer=payer.pubkey(),instructions=[set_freeze_authority_instruction],address_lookup_table_accounts=[],recent_blockhash=recent_blockhash.value.blockhash)transaction = VersionedTransaction(message, [payer, current_authority])print(f"\nFreeze Authority Example:")print(f"Mint: {mint_address}")print(f"Current Freeze Authority: {current_authority.pubkey()}")print(f"New Freeze Authority: {new_authority.pubkey()}")print(f"Set freeze authority transaction created successfully")if __name__ == "__main__":asyncio.run(main())asyncio.run(set_freeze_authority_example())
Console
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