Créer un Token Mint
Qu'est-ce qu'un Mint Account ?
Un mint account représente de manière unique un token sur Solana et stocke ses métadonnées globales.
/// Mint data.#[repr(C)]#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]pub struct Mint {/// Optional authority used to mint new tokens. The mint authority may only/// be provided during mint creation. If no mint authority is present/// then the mint has a fixed supply and no further tokens may be/// minted.pub mint_authority: COption<Pubkey>,/// Total supply of tokens.pub supply: u64,/// Number of base 10 digits to the right of the decimal place.pub decimals: u8,/// Is `true` if this structure has been initializedpub is_initialized: bool,/// Optional authority to freeze token accounts.pub freeze_authority: COption<Pubkey>,}
Notez que le Token Program et le Token Extension Program partagent la même implémentation de base pour le Mint account.
Chaque token sur Solana possède un mint account, et l'adresse du mint sert d'identifiant unique pour le token.
Par exemple, USD Coin (USDC) a l'adresse de mint
EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v
. Cette adresse identifie de
manière unique USDC dans tout l'écosystème Solana. Vous pouvez consulter ce mint
sur
Solana Explorer.
Comment créer un Mint Account
La création d'un mint account nécessite l'instruction
InitializeMint
.
Consultez les
détails d'implémentation ici.
Vous devez invoquer deux instructions pour créer un mint account :
- System Program : Créer un compte avec l'espace alloué pour un mint account et transférer la propriété au Token Program.
- Token Program : Initialiser les données du mint account
Typescript
import {airdropFactory,appendTransactionMessageInstructions,createSolanaRpc,createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,createTransactionMessage,generateKeyPairSigner,getSignatureFromTransaction,lamports,pipe,sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,signTransactionMessageWithSigners} from "@solana/kit";import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";import {getInitializeMintInstruction,getMintSize,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token";// Create Connection, local validator in this exampleconst rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");// Generate keypairs for fee payerconst feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Fund fee payerawait airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({recipientAddress: feePayer.address,lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),commitment: "confirmed"});// Generate keypair to use as address of mintconst mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabledconst space = BigInt(getMintSize());// Get minimum balance for rent exemptionconst rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)// Invokes the system programconst createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: feePayer,newAccount: mint,lamports: rent,space,programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});// Instruction to initialize mint account data// Invokes the token programconst initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address,decimals: 9,mintAuthority: feePayer.address});const instructions = [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction];// Get latest blockhash to include in transactionconst { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();// Create transaction messageconst transactionMessage = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }), // Create transaction message(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx), // Set fee payer(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx), // Set transaction blockhash(tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx) // Append instructions);// Sign transaction message with required signers (fee payer and mint keypair)const signedTransaction =await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTransaction,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", transactionSignature);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_sdk::{commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},system_instruction::create_account,transaction::Transaction,};use spl_token::{id as token_program_id, instruction::initialize_mint, state::Mint};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {// Create connection to local validatorlet client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;// Generate a new keypair for the fee payerlet fee_payer = Keypair::new();// Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payerlet airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000).await?;client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;loop {let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;if confirmed {break;}}// Generate keypair to use as address of mintlet mint = Keypair::new();let space = Mint::LEN;let rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space).await?;// Create account instructionlet create_account_instruction = create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),rent,space as u64,&token_program_id(),);// Initialize mint instructionlet initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(&token_program_id(),&mint.pubkey(), // mint address&fee_payer.pubkey(), // mint authoritySome(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority9, // decimals)?;// Create transaction and add instructionslet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],latestBlockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionlet transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("\nTransaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);Ok(())}
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3import asynciofrom solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClientfrom solders.keypair import Keypairfrom solders.transaction import VersionedTransactionfrom solders.message import MessageV0from solders.system_program import create_account, CreateAccountParamsfrom spl.token.instructions import initialize_mint, InitializeMintParamsfrom spl.token.constants import TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID# ConstantsDECIMALS = 9async def create_mint(rpc, mint_authority):"""Creates and initializes a new mint account"""mint = Keypair()space = 82 # getMintSize() equivalent for SPL Token# Get minimum balance for rent exemptionrent = await rpc.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space)# Create & initialize mint accountcreate_account_instruction = create_account(CreateAccountParams(from_pubkey=mint_authority.pubkey(),to_pubkey=mint.pubkey(),lamports=rent.value,space=space,owner=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID))initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(InitializeMintParams(program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,mint=mint.pubkey(),decimals=DECIMALS,mint_authority=mint_authority.pubkey(),freeze_authority=None))instructions = [create_account_instruction,initialize_mint_instruction]# Get latest blockhashlatest_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()# Create messagetransaction_message = MessageV0.try_compile(payer=mint_authority.pubkey(),instructions=instructions,address_lookup_table_accounts=[],recent_blockhash=latest_blockhash.value.blockhash)# Create and sign transactionsigned_transaction = VersionedTransaction(transaction_message, [mint_authority, mint])print("Mint account created successfully")print(f"Mint: {mint.pubkey()}")print(f"Mint Authority: {mint_authority.pubkey()}")print(f"Decimals: {DECIMALS}")return mint.pubkey()async def main():rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")# Constantsmint_authority = Keypair()async with rpc:# Create mint accountawait create_mint(rpc, mint_authority)if __name__ == "__main__":asyncio.run(main())
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