Membuat Token Mint
Apa itu Mint Account?
Mint account secara unik mewakili token di Solana dan menyimpan metadata globalnya.
Mint Account Type
/// Mint data.#[repr(C)]#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]pub struct Mint {/// Optional authority used to mint new tokens. The mint authority may only/// be provided during mint creation. If no mint authority is present/// then the mint has a fixed supply and no further tokens may be/// minted.pub mint_authority: COption<Pubkey>,/// Total supply of tokens.pub supply: u64,/// Number of base 10 digits to the right of the decimal place.pub decimals: u8,/// Is `true` if this structure has been initializedpub is_initialized: bool,/// Optional authority to freeze token accounts.pub freeze_authority: COption<Pubkey>,}
Perhatikan bahwa baik Token Program dan Token Extension Program berbagi implementasi dasar yang sama untuk akun Mint.
Setiap token di Solana memiliki mint account, dan alamat mint berfungsi sebagai pengenal unik token.
Sebagai contoh, USD Coin (USDC) memiliki alamat mint
EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v
. Alamat ini secara unik
mengidentifikasi USDC di seluruh ekosistem Solana. Anda dapat melihat mint ini
di
Solana Explorer.
Cara Membuat Mint Account
Membuat mint account memerlukan instruksi
InitializeMint
.
Lihat
detail implementasi di sini.
Anda perlu menjalankan dua instruksi untuk membuat mint account:
- System Program: Membuat akun dengan ruang yang dialokasikan untuk mint account dan mentransfer kepemilikan ke Token Program.
- Token Program: Menginisialisasi data mint account
Typescript
import {airdropFactory,appendTransactionMessageInstructions,createSolanaRpc,createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,createTransactionMessage,generateKeyPairSigner,getSignatureFromTransaction,lamports,pipe,sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,signTransactionMessageWithSigners} from "@solana/kit";import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";import {getInitializeMintInstruction,getMintSize,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token";// Create Connection, local validator in this exampleconst rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");// Generate keypairs for fee payerconst feePayer = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Fund fee payerawait airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({recipientAddress: feePayer.address,lamports: lamports(1_000_000_000n),commitment: "confirmed"});// Generate keypair to use as address of mintconst mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();// Get default mint account size (in bytes), no extensions enabledconst space = BigInt(getMintSize());// Get minimum balance for rent exemptionconst rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)// Invokes the system programconst createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: feePayer,newAccount: mint,lamports: rent,space,programAddress: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});// Instruction to initialize mint account data// Invokes the token programconst initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address,decimals: 9,mintAuthority: feePayer.address});const instructions = [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction];// Get latest blockhash to include in transactionconst { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();// Create transaction messageconst transactionMessage = pipe(createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }), // Create transaction message(tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, tx), // Set fee payer(tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx), // Set transaction blockhash(tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx) // Append instructions);// Sign transaction message with required signers (fee payer and mint keypair)const signedTransaction =await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);// Send and confirm transactionawait sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTransaction,{ commitment: "confirmed" });// Get transaction signatureconst transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", transactionSignature);
Console
Click to execute the code.
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_sdk::{commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},system_instruction::create_account,transaction::Transaction,};use spl_token::{id as token_program_id, instruction::initialize_mint, state::Mint};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {// Create connection to local validatorlet client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let latestBlockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;// Generate a new keypair for the fee payerlet fee_payer = Keypair::new();// Airdrop 1 SOL to fee payerlet airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 1_000_000_000).await?;client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;loop {let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;if confirmed {break;}}// Generate keypair to use as address of mintlet mint = Keypair::new();let space = Mint::LEN;let rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space).await?;// Create account instructionlet create_account_instruction = create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),rent,space as u64,&token_program_id(),);// Initialize mint instructionlet initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(&token_program_id(),&mint.pubkey(), // mint address&fee_payer.pubkey(), // mint authoritySome(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority9, // decimals)?;// Create transaction and add instructionslet transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_account_instruction, initialize_mint_instruction],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],latestBlockhash,);// Send and confirm transactionlet transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("\nTransaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);Ok(())}
Console
Click to execute the code.
Python
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3import asynciofrom solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClientfrom solders.keypair import Keypairfrom solders.transaction import VersionedTransactionfrom solders.message import MessageV0from solders.system_program import create_account, CreateAccountParamsfrom spl.token.instructions import initialize_mint, InitializeMintParamsfrom spl.token.constants import TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID# ConstantsDECIMALS = 9async def create_mint(rpc, mint_authority):"""Creates and initializes a new mint account"""mint = Keypair()space = 82 # getMintSize() equivalent for SPL Token# Get minimum balance for rent exemptionrent = await rpc.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space)# Create & initialize mint accountcreate_account_instruction = create_account(CreateAccountParams(from_pubkey=mint_authority.pubkey(),to_pubkey=mint.pubkey(),lamports=rent.value,space=space,owner=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID))initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(InitializeMintParams(program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,mint=mint.pubkey(),decimals=DECIMALS,mint_authority=mint_authority.pubkey(),freeze_authority=None))instructions = [create_account_instruction,initialize_mint_instruction]# Get latest blockhashlatest_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()# Create messagetransaction_message = MessageV0.try_compile(payer=mint_authority.pubkey(),instructions=instructions,address_lookup_table_accounts=[],recent_blockhash=latest_blockhash.value.blockhash)# Create and sign transactionsigned_transaction = VersionedTransaction(transaction_message, [mint_authority, mint])print("Mint account created successfully")print(f"Mint: {mint.pubkey()}")print(f"Mint Authority: {mint_authority.pubkey()}")print(f"Decimals: {DECIMALS}")return mint.pubkey()async def main():rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")# Constantsmint_authority = Keypair()async with rpc:# Create mint accountawait create_mint(rpc, mint_authority)if __name__ == "__main__":asyncio.run(main())
Console
Click to execute the code.
Is this page helpful?