Apa yang Dilakukan oleh Transfer Token?
Transfer token memindahkan token dari satu token account ke token account lain untuk mint yang sama.
Transfer tidak mengubah pasokan mint. Transfer hanya memperbarui saldo antar token account.
Cara Transfer Token
Transfer token menggunakan instruksi Transfer atau TransferChecked
dari Token Program.
Contoh di bawah ini menggunakan TransferChecked, yang mengharuskan
pemanggil menyediakan mint dan desimal sehingga instruksi dapat memverifikasi
mint yang diharapkan dan presisi token sebelum memindahkan token antar akun.
Di Token Extension Program, Transfer sudah ditinggalkan dan digantikan
dengan TransferChecked atau TransferCheckedWithFee.
Pemilik source account atau delegasi yang disetujui menandatangani transfer. Di Token Extension Program, permanent delegate mint juga dapat mengotorisasi transfer jika mint memiliki ekstensi permanent delegate yang diaktifkan.
Referensi Sumber
| Item | Deskripsi | Token Program | Token Extension Program |
|---|---|---|---|
Account | State token account menyimpan saldo yang diperbarui oleh transfer. | Source | Source |
Transfer | Instruksi transfer yang memindahkan token antar token account tanpa mengharuskan pemanggil menyediakan mint atau desimal. Di Token Extension Program, gunakan TransferChecked sebagai gantinya. | Source | Source |
TransferChecked | Instruksi transfer yang mengharuskan pemanggil menyediakan mint dan desimal serta memeriksa nilai tersebut sebelum memindahkan token antar token account dari mint yang sama. | Source | Source |
process_transfer | Logika prosesor bersama untuk transfer token. | Source | Source |
Typescript
Contoh Kit di bawah ini menunjukkan pendekatan yang direkomendasikan
menggunakan @solana/kit. Contoh lama menggunakan @solana/web3.js disertakan
sebagai referensi.
Kit
import { generateKeyPairSigner } from "@solana/kit";import { createLocalClient } from "@solana/kit-client-rpc";import {findAssociatedTokenPda,tokenProgram,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token";const client = await createLocalClient().use(tokenProgram());const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const result = await client.token.instructions.transferToATA({mint: mint.address, // Mint for the token being transferred.authority: client.payer, // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.recipient: recipient.address, // Account that owns the destination token account.amount: 25n, // Token amount in base units.decimals: 2 // Decimals defined on the mint account.}).sendTransaction();const [sourceTokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: client.payer.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});const [destinationTokenAccount] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: recipient.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});const [sourceTokenAccountData, destinationTokenAccountData] =await client.token.accounts.token.fetchAll([sourceTokenAccount,destinationTokenAccount]);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("\nSource Token Account Address:", sourceTokenAccount);console.log("Source Token Account:", sourceTokenAccountData.data);console.log("\nDestination Token Account Address:", destinationTokenAccount);console.log("Destination Token Account:", destinationTokenAccountData.data);console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result.context.signature);
Web3.js
import { Connection, Keypair, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } from "@solana/web3.js";import {createAssociatedTokenAccount,createMint,getAccount,mintToChecked,TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,transferChecked} from "@solana/spl-token";const result = await transferChecked(connection, // Connection to the local validator.feePayer, // Account paying transaction fees.feePayerATA, // Token account sending the tokens.mintPubkey, // Mint for the token being transferred.recipientATA, // Token account receiving the tokens.feePayer, // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.25, // Token amount in base units.2, // Decimals defined on the mint account.[], // Additional multisig signers.{commitment: "confirmed" // Confirmation options for the transaction.},TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Token program to invoke.);const senderTokenAccount = await getAccount(connection,feePayerATA,"confirmed",TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);const recipientTokenAccount = await getAccount(connection,recipientATA,"confirmed",TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);console.log("Mint Address:", mintPubkey.toBase58());console.log("\nSource Token Account Address:", feePayerATA.toBase58());console.log("Source Token Account:", senderTokenAccount);console.log("\nDestination Token Account Address:", recipientATA.toBase58());console.log("Destination Token Account:", recipientTokenAccount);console.log("\nTransaction Signature:", result);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;use solana_sdk::{program_pack::Pack,signature::{Keypair, Signer},transaction::Transaction,};use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{address::get_associated_token_address, instruction::create_associated_token_account,};use spl_token_interface::{id as token_program_id,instruction::{initialize_mint, mint_to_checked, transfer_checked},state::{Account, Mint},};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let recipient = Keypair::new();let transfer_amount = 25;let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[transfer_checked(&token_program_id(), // Token program to invoke.&source_token_address, // Token account sending the tokens.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the token being transferred.&destination_token_address, // Token account receiving the tokens.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Owner or delegate approving the transfer.&[], // Additional multisig signers.transfer_amount, // Token amount in base units.decimals, // Decimals defined on the mint account.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],latest_blockhash,);let transaction_signature = client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;let source_token_account = client.get_account(&source_token_address).await?;let source_token_data = Account::unpack(&source_token_account.data)?;let destination_token_account = client.get_account(&destination_token_address).await?;let destination_token_data = Account::unpack(&destination_token_account.data)?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("\nSource Token Account Address: {}", source_token_address);println!("Source Token Account: {:#?}", source_token_data);println!("\nDestination Token Account Address: {}",destination_token_address);println!("Destination Token Account: {:#?}", destination_token_data);println!("\nTransaction Signature: {}", transaction_signature);Ok(())}
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3import asyncioimport jsonfrom solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClientfrom solders.keypair import Keypairfrom solders.message import Messagefrom solders.pubkey import Pubkeyfrom solders.system_program import create_account, CreateAccountParamsfrom solders.transaction import Transactionfrom spl.token.async_client import AsyncTokenfrom spl.token.instructions import (create_associated_token_account,get_associated_token_address,initialize_mint,InitializeMintParams,mint_to_checked,MintToCheckedParams,transfer_checked,TransferCheckedParams,)from spl.token.constants import MINT_LEN, TOKEN_PROGRAM_IDDECIMALS = 2AMOUNT_TO_MINT = 100AMOUNT_TO_TRANSFER = 25async def main():rpc = AsyncClient("http://localhost:8899")receiver = Keypair()async with rpc:transfer_tokens_instruction = transfer_checked(TransferCheckedParams(program_id=TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, # Token program to invoke.source=source_token_account, # Token account sending the tokens.mint=mint.pubkey(), # Mint for the token being transferred.dest=destination_token_account, # Token account receiving the tokens.owner=fee_payer.pubkey(), # Account that owns the source token account.amount=AMOUNT_TO_TRANSFER, # Token amount in base units.decimals=DECIMALS, # Decimals defined on the mint account.))latest_blockhash = await rpc.get_latest_blockhash()transaction = Transaction([fee_payer],Message([transfer_tokens_instruction], fee_payer.pubkey()),latest_blockhash.value.blockhash,)result = await rpc.send_transaction(transaction)source_token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(source_token_account)destination_token_account_info = await token.get_account_info(destination_token_account)source_account = {key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else valuefor key, value in source_token_account_info._asdict().items()}destination_account = {key: str(value) if isinstance(value, Pubkey) else valuefor key, value in destination_token_account_info._asdict().items()}print("Mint Address:", mint.pubkey())print("\nSource Token Account Address:", source_token_account)print("Source Token Account:")print(json.dumps(source_account, indent=2))print("\nDestination Token Account Address:", destination_token_account)print("Destination Token Account:")print(json.dumps(destination_account, indent=2))print("\nTransaction Signature:", result.value)if __name__ == "__main__":asyncio.run(main())
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