Documentazione SolanaToken su SolanaEstensioni

Token non trasferibili

Come abilitare l'estensione InitializeNonTransferableMint

L' InitializeNonTransferableMint impedisce ai token di essere trasferiti tra token account dopo il minting. Una volta coniati, i token rimangono permanentemente nel token account. Tuttavia, il proprietario del token account può ancora bruciare token e chiudere il token account quando il saldo raggiunge zero.

Typescript

import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";

import {

  extension,

  findAssociatedTokenPda,

  getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,

  getInitializeMintInstruction,

  getInitializeNonTransferableMintInstruction,

  getMintSize,

  getTokenSize,

  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS

} from "@solana-program/token-2022";

import {

  airdropFactory,

  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,

  createSolanaRpc,

  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,

  createTransactionMessage,

  generateKeyPairSigner,

  getSignatureFromTransaction,

  lamports,

  pipe,

  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,

  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,

  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,

  signTransactionMessageWithSigners

} from "@solana/kit";



// Create Connection, local validator in this example

const rpc = createSolanaRpc("http://localhost:8899");

const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions("ws://localhost:8900");



// Generate the authority for the mint (also acts as fee payer)

const authority = await generateKeyPairSigner();



// Fund authority/fee payer

await airdropFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })({

  recipientAddress: authority.address,

  lamports: lamports(5_000_000_000n), // 5 SOL

  commitment: "confirmed"

});



// Generate keypair to use as address of mint

const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();



// Define the non-transferrable extension

const nonTransferableExtension = extension("NonTransferable", {});



// Get mint account size with non-transferrable extension

const space = BigInt(getMintSize([nonTransferableExtension]));



// Get minimum balance for rent exemption

const rent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space).send();



// Get latest blockhash to include in transaction

const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send();



// Instruction to create new account for mint (token program)

// Invokes the system program

const createMintAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({

  payer: authority,

  newAccount: mint,

  lamports: rent,

  space,

  programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS

});



// Instruction to initialize non-transferrable extension

const initializeNonTransferableInstruction =

  getInitializeNonTransferableMintInstruction({

    mint: mint.address

  });



// Instruction to initialize mint account data

// Invokes the token22 program

const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMintInstruction({

  mint: mint.address,

  decimals: 0, // Often 0 for non-transferrable tokens like certificates/badges

  mintAuthority: authority.address,

  freezeAuthority: authority.address

});



// Use findAssociatedTokenPda to derive the ATA address

const [associatedTokenAddress] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({

  mint: mint.address,

  owner: authority.address,

  tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS

});



// instruction to create the associated token account for the authority

const createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({

  payer: authority,

  mint: mint.address,

  owner: authority.address

});



const instructions = [

  createMintAccountInstruction,

  initializeNonTransferableInstruction,

  initializeMintInstruction,

  createAtaInstruction

];



// Create transaction message

const transactionMessage = pipe(

  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),

  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(authority, tx),

  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),

  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, tx)

);



// Sign transaction message with all required signers

const signedTransaction =

  await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);



// Send and confirm transaction

await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(

  signedTransaction,

  { commitment: "confirmed", skipPreflight: true }

);



// Get transaction signature

const transactionSignature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction);



console.log("Mint Address with Non-Transferrable Extension:", mint.address);

console.log("ATA Address:", associatedTokenAddress);

console.log(

  "Note: Tokens minted from this mint cannot be transferred between accounts"

);

console.log("Mint Authority:", authority.address);

console.log("Transaction Signature:", transactionSignature);
Console
Click to execute the code.

Rust

Rust
use anyhow::Result;

use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;

use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;

use solana_sdk::{

    signature::{Keypair, Signer},

    transaction::Transaction,

};

use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;

use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{

    address::get_associated_token_address_with_program_id,

    instruction::create_associated_token_account,

};

use spl_token_2022_interface::{

    extension::{

        non_transferable::NonTransferable, BaseStateWithExtensions, ExtensionType,

        StateWithExtensions,

    },

    instruction::{initialize_mint, initialize_non_transferable_mint, mint_to, transfer_checked},

    state::Mint,

    ID as TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,

};



#[tokio::main]

async fn main() -> Result<()> {

    // Create connection to local validator

    let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(

        String::from("http://localhost:8899"),

        CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),

    );

    let latest_blockhash = client.get_latest_blockhash().await?;



    // Generate a new keypair for the fee payer

    let fee_payer = Keypair::new();



    // Airdrop 5 SOL to fee payer

    let airdrop_signature = client

        .request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 5_000_000_000)

        .await?;



    // Ensure the airdrop is confirmed

    loop {

        let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;

        if confirmed {

            break;

        }

    }



    // Generate keypair to use as address of mint

    let mint = Keypair::new();



    // Calculate mint account size with non-transferrable extension

    let mint_space =

        ExtensionType::try_calculate_account_len::<Mint>(&[ExtensionType::NonTransferable])?;



    let mint_rent = client

        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space)

        .await?;



    // Instruction to create new account for mint (token22)

    let create_mint_account_instruction = create_account(

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),    // payer

        &mint.pubkey(),         // new account (mint)

        mint_rent,              // lamports

        mint_space as u64,      // space

        &TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // program id

    );



    let initialize_non_transferable_instruction =

        initialize_non_transferable_mint(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, &mint.pubkey())?;



    // Instruction to initialize mint account data

    let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(

        &TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,    // program id

        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // mint authority

        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // freeze authority

        0, // decimals - often 0 for non-transferrable tokens like certificates/badges

    )?;



    // Instruction to create associated token account

    let create_ata_instruction = create_associated_token_account(

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),    // payer

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),    // owner

        &mint.pubkey(),         // mint

        &TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // token program

    );



    // Construct transaction with non-transferrable mint extension

    let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &[

            create_mint_account_instruction,

            initialize_non_transferable_instruction,

            initialize_mint_instruction,

            create_ata_instruction,

        ],

        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),

        &[&fee_payer, &mint],

        latest_blockhash,

    );



    client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transaction).await?;



    println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());



    // Fetch mint account

    let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;

    // Deserialize the mint account with extensions

    let mint_state = StateWithExtensions::<Mint>::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;



    // Get all extension types enabled on this mint

    let extension_types = mint_state.get_extension_types()?;

    println!("\nExtensions enabled: {:?}", extension_types);



    // Deserialize the NonTransferable extension data

    let non_transferable = mint_state.get_extension::<NonTransferable>()?;

    println!("\n{:#?}", non_transferable);



    // Get associated token account address

    let associated_token_address = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),    // owner

        &mint.pubkey(),         // minti

        &TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // token program

    );



    // Mint 1 token to the associated token account

    let mint_to_instruction = mint_to(

        &TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,

        &mint.pubkey(),

        &associated_token_address,

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),

        &[],

        1,

    )?;



    let mint_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &[mint_to_instruction],

        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),

        &[&fee_payer],

        latest_blockhash,

    );



    client

        .send_and_confirm_transaction(&mint_transaction)

        .await?;



    // Attempt to transfer token (should fail with non-transferable error)

    println!("\nAttempting to transfer non-transferable token");

    let transfer_instruction = transfer_checked(

        &TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,

        &associated_token_address, // source

        &mint.pubkey(),            // mint

        &associated_token_address, // destination (same as source)

        &fee_payer.pubkey(),       // owner

        &[],                       // signers

        1,                         // amount

        0,                         // decimals

    )?;



    let transfer_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(

        &[transfer_instruction],

        Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),

        &[&fee_payer],

        latest_blockhash,

    );



    match client

        .send_and_confirm_transaction(&transfer_transaction)

        .await

    {

        Ok(sig) => println!("Transfer succeeded unexpectedly: {}", sig),

        Err(e) => println!("Transfer failed as expected:\n{:#?}", e),

    }



    Ok(())

}
Console
Click to execute the code.

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