Che cos'è un Delegato Permanente?
L'estensione mint PermanentDelegate del Token Extensions Program assegna
un'autorità delegata al mint stesso.
Un delegato permanente è un'autorità a livello di mint che può autorizzare trasferimenti e bruciature per qualsiasi token account di quel mint. Agisce come un delegato globale per tutti i token account del mint e i proprietari dei token account non possono revocare il delegato permanente dai loro token account.
L'autorità del mint può anche ruotare il delegato permanente successivamente con
SetAuthority usando AuthorityType::PermanentDelegate.
Come Creare e Utilizzare un Delegato Permanente
Per creare e utilizzare un delegato permanente:
- Calcola la dimensione dell'account mint e il rent necessario per il mint e
l'estensione
PermanentDelegate. - Crea l'account mint con
CreateAccount, inizializzaPermanentDelegatee inizializza il mint conInitializeMint. - Invia
TransferCheckedoBurnCheckedfirmato dal delegato permanente. Il token program elabora quelle istruzioni allo stesso modo come se il proprietario del token account le avesse firmate.
Calcola la dimensione dell'account
Calcola la dimensione dell'account mint per il mint base più l'estensione
PermanentDelegate. Questa è la dimensione utilizzata in
CreateAccount.
Calcola il rent
Calcola il rent usando la dimensione necessaria per il mint più l'estensione
PermanentDelegate.
Crea l'account mint
Crea il mint account con lo spazio e i lamport calcolati.
Inizializza PermanentDelegate
Inizializza l'estensione PermanentDelegate sul mint.
Inizializza il mint
Inizializza il mint con InitializeMint nella stessa transazione.
Crea i token account e conia i token
Crea i token account per il proprietario e il destinatario, quindi conia i token nel token account del proprietario.
Trasferisci con il delegato permanente
Trasferisci i token con TransferChecked firmato dal delegato permanente.
Ordine delle istruzioni
InitializePermanentDelegate deve precedere InitializeMint.
CreateAccount, InitializePermanentDelegate e InitializeMint
devono essere inclusi nella stessa transazione.
Riferimento sorgente
| Elemento | Descrizione | Sorgente |
|---|---|---|
PermanentDelegate | Estensione del mint che memorizza il delegato autorizzato per ogni token account del mint. | Sorgente |
InitializePermanentDelegate | Istruzione che inizializza il delegato permanente prima di InitializeMint. | Sorgente |
SetAuthority | Istruzione token di base utilizzata con AuthorityType::PermanentDelegate per ruotare il delegato. | Sorgente |
AuthorityType::PermanentDelegate | Discriminatore di autorità utilizzato con SetAuthority per ruotare il delegato permanente su un mint. | Sorgente |
process_initialize_permanent_delegate | Logica del processore che scrive l'estensione del delegato permanente sul mint. | Sorgente |
process_set_authority | Logica del processore che convalida e ruota il delegato permanente quando viene utilizzato AuthorityType::PermanentDelegate. | Sorgente |
Typescript
L'esempio Kit qui sotto utilizza le istruzioni generate direttamente. Esempi
legacy che utilizzano @solana/web3.js e @solana/spl-token sono inclusi per
riferimento.
Kit
import {lamports,createClient,generateKeyPairSigner,unwrapOption} from "@solana/kit";import { solanaRpc, rpcAirdrop } from "@solana/kit-plugin-rpc";import { generatedPayer, airdropPayer } from "@solana/kit-plugin-signer";import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from "@solana-program/system";import {extension,fetchMint,fetchToken,findAssociatedTokenPda,getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync,getInitializeMintInstruction,getInitializePermanentDelegateInstruction,getMintSize,getMintToCheckedInstruction,getTransferCheckedInstruction,isExtension,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS} from "@solana-program/token-2022";const client = await createClient().use(generatedPayer()).use(solanaRpc({rpcUrl: "http://localhost:8899",rpcSubscriptionsUrl: "ws://localhost:8900"})).use(rpcAirdrop()).use(airdropPayer(lamports(1_000_000_000n)));const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner();const owner = await generateKeyPairSigner();const delegate = await generateKeyPairSigner();const recipient = await generateKeyPairSigner();const permanentDelegateExtension = extension("PermanentDelegate", {delegate: delegate.address});const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize([permanentDelegateExtension]));const mintRent = await client.rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace).send();await client.sendTransaction([getCreateAccountInstruction({payer: client.payer, // Account funding the new mint account.newAccount: mint, // New mint account to create.lamports: mintRent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.space: mintSpace, // Account size in bytes for the mint plus PermanentDelegate.programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS // Program that owns the mint account.}),getInitializePermanentDelegateInstruction({mint: mint.address, // Mint account that stores the PermanentDelegate extension.delegate: delegate.address // Permanent delegate authorized for all token accounts for the mint.}),getInitializeMintInstruction({mint: mint.address, // Mint account to initialize.decimals: 0, // Number of decimals for the token.mintAuthority: client.payer.address, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.freezeAuthority: client.payer.address // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.})]);const [sourceToken] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: owner.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});const [destinationToken] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({mint: mint.address,owner: recipient.address,tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS});await client.sendTransaction([await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({payer: client.payer, // Account funding the associated token account creation.mint: mint.address, // Mint for the associated token account.owner: owner.address // Owner of the source token account.}),await getCreateAssociatedTokenInstructionAsync({payer: client.payer, // Account funding the associated token account creation.mint: mint.address, // Mint for the associated token account.owner: recipient.address // Owner of the destination token account.}),getMintToCheckedInstruction({mint: mint.address, // Mint account that issues the tokens.token: sourceToken, // Token account receiving the newly minted tokens.mintAuthority: client.payer, // Signer authorized to mint new tokens.amount: 1n, // Token amount in base units.decimals: 0 // Decimals defined on the mint.})]);await client.sendTransaction([getTransferCheckedInstruction({source: sourceToken, // Token account sending the transfer.mint: mint.address, // Mint with the permanent delegate configuration.destination: destinationToken, // Token account receiving the transfer.authority: delegate, // Permanent delegate signing the transfer.amount: 1n, // Token amount in base units.decimals: 0 // Decimals defined on the mint.})]);const destinationAccount = await fetchToken(client.rpc, destinationToken);const mintAccount = await fetchMint(client.rpc, mint.address);const permanentDelegate = (unwrapOption(mintAccount.data.extensions) ?? []).find((item) => isExtension("PermanentDelegate", item));console.log("Mint Address:", mint.address);console.log("Destination Amount:", destinationAccount.data.amount);console.log("Permanent Delegate Extension:", permanentDelegate);
Web3.js
import {Connection,Keypair,sendAndConfirmTransaction,SystemProgram,Transaction,LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} from "@solana/web3.js";import {ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction,createInitializeMintInstruction,createInitializePermanentDelegateInstruction,createMintToCheckedInstruction,createTransferCheckedInstruction,ExtensionType,getAccount,getAssociatedTokenAddressSync,getMint,getMintLen,getPermanentDelegate,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID} from "@solana/spl-token";const connection = new Connection("http://localhost:8899", "confirmed");const latestBlockhash = await connection.getLatestBlockhash();const feePayer = Keypair.generate();const owner = Keypair.generate();const delegate = Keypair.generate();const recipient = Keypair.generate();const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(feePayer.publicKey,5 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL);await connection.confirmTransaction({blockhash: latestBlockhash.blockhash,lastValidBlockHeight: latestBlockhash.lastValidBlockHeight,signature: airdropSignature});const extensions = [ExtensionType.PermanentDelegate];const mint = Keypair.generate();const mintLength = getMintLen(extensions);const mintRent = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLength);const sourceToken = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(mint.publicKey,owner.publicKey,false,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);const destinationToken = getAssociatedTokenAddressSync(mint.publicKey,recipient.publicKey,false,TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);const createMintAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the new mint account.newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey, // New mint account to create.space: mintLength, // Account size in bytes for the mint plus PermanentDelegate.lamports: mintRent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the mint account.});const initializePermanentDelegateInstruction =createInitializePermanentDelegateInstruction(mint.publicKey, // Mint account that stores the PermanentDelegate extension.delegate.publicKey, // Permanent delegate authorized for all token accounts for the mint.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the mint.);const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(mint.publicKey, // Mint account to initialize.0, // Number of decimals for the token.feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.feePayer.publicKey, // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Program that owns the mint account.);await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction().add(createMintAccountInstruction,initializePermanentDelegateInstruction,initializeMintInstruction),[feePayer, mint],{commitment: "confirmed"});await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction().add(createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the associated token account creation.sourceToken, // Associated token account address to create.owner.publicKey, // Owner of the source token account.mint.publicKey, // Mint for the associated token account.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Associated Token Program that creates the account.),createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(feePayer.publicKey, // Account funding the associated token account creation.destinationToken, // Associated token account address to create.recipient.publicKey, // Owner of the destination token account.mint.publicKey, // Mint for the associated token account.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID // Associated Token Program that creates the account.),createMintToCheckedInstruction(mint.publicKey, // Mint account that issues the tokens.sourceToken, // Token account receiving the newly minted tokens.feePayer.publicKey, // Signer authorized to mint new tokens.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.[], // Additional multisig signers.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that owns the mint and token account.)),[feePayer],{commitment: "confirmed"});await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection,new Transaction().add(createTransferCheckedInstruction(sourceToken, // Token account sending the transfer.mint.publicKey, // Mint with the permanent delegate configuration.destinationToken, // Token account receiving the transfer.delegate.publicKey, // Permanent delegate signing the transfer.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.[], // Additional multisig signers.TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID // Token program that processes the transfer.)),[feePayer, delegate],{commitment: "confirmed"});const destinationAccount = await getAccount(connection,destinationToken,"confirmed",TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID);const mintAccount = await getMint(connection,mint.publicKey,"confirmed",TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID);const permanentDelegate = getPermanentDelegate(mintAccount);console.log("Mint Address:", mint.publicKey.toBase58());console.log("Destination Amount:", destinationAccount.amount.toString());console.log("Permanent Delegate Extension:", permanentDelegate);
Rust
use anyhow::Result;use solana_client::nonblocking::rpc_client::RpcClient;use solana_commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;use solana_sdk::{signature::{Keypair, Signer},transaction::Transaction,};use solana_system_interface::instruction::create_account;use spl_associated_token_account_interface::{address::get_associated_token_address_with_program_id,instruction::create_associated_token_account,};use spl_token_2022_interface::{extension::{permanent_delegate::PermanentDelegate, BaseStateWithExtensions, ExtensionType,StateWithExtensions,},instruction::{initialize_mint, initialize_permanent_delegate, mint_to_checked, transfer_checked,},state::{Account, Mint},ID as TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,};#[tokio::main]async fn main() -> Result<()> {let client = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(String::from("http://localhost:8899"),CommitmentConfig::confirmed(),);let fee_payer = Keypair::new();let owner = Keypair::new();let delegate = Keypair::new();let recipient = Keypair::new();let airdrop_signature = client.request_airdrop(&fee_payer.pubkey(), 5_000_000_000).await?;loop {let confirmed = client.confirm_transaction(&airdrop_signature).await?;if confirmed {break;}}let mint = Keypair::new();let mint_space =ExtensionType::try_calculate_account_len::<Mint>(&[ExtensionType::PermanentDelegate])?;let mint_rent = client.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(mint_space).await?;let create_mint_account_instruction = create_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the new mint account.&mint.pubkey(), // New mint account to create.mint_rent, // Lamports funding the mint account rent.mint_space as u64, // Account size in bytes for the mint plus PermanentDelegate.&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the mint account.);let initialize_permanent_delegate_ix = initialize_permanent_delegate(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the mint.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account that stores the PermanentDelegate extension.&delegate.pubkey(), // Permanent delegate authorized for all token accounts for the mint.)?;let initialize_mint_instruction = initialize_mint(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Program that owns the mint account.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account to initialize.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Authority allowed to mint new tokens.Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()), // Authority allowed to freeze token accounts.0, // Number of decimals for the token.)?;let create_mint_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_mint_account_instruction,initialize_permanent_delegate_ix,initialize_mint_instruction,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &mint],client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,);client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&create_mint_transaction).await?;let source_token = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(&owner.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,);let destination_token = get_associated_token_address_with_program_id(&recipient.pubkey(),&mint.pubkey(),&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,);let create_token_accounts_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[create_associated_token_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the associated token account creation.&owner.pubkey(), // Owner of the source token account.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the associated token account.&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.),create_associated_token_account(&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Account funding the associated token account creation.&recipient.pubkey(), // Owner of the destination token account.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint for the associated token account.&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the token account.),mint_to_checked(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that owns the mint and token account.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint account that issues the tokens.&source_token, // Token account receiving the newly minted tokens.&fee_payer.pubkey(), // Signer authorized to mint new tokens.&[&fee_payer.pubkey()], // Additional multisig signers.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer],client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,);client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&create_token_accounts_transaction).await?;let transfer_transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(&[transfer_checked(&TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token program that processes the transfer.&source_token, // Token account sending the transfer.&mint.pubkey(), // Mint with the permanent delegate configuration.&destination_token, // Token account receiving the transfer.&delegate.pubkey(), // Permanent delegate signing the transfer.&[&delegate.pubkey()], // Additional multisig signers.1, // Token amount in base units.0, // Decimals defined on the mint.)?,],Some(&fee_payer.pubkey()),&[&fee_payer, &delegate],client.get_latest_blockhash().await?,);client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&transfer_transaction).await?;let destination_account = client.get_account(&destination_token).await?;let destination_state =StateWithExtensions::<Account>::unpack(&destination_account.data)?;let mint_account = client.get_account(&mint.pubkey()).await?;let mint_state = StateWithExtensions::<Mint>::unpack(&mint_account.data)?;let permanent_delegate = mint_state.get_extension::<PermanentDelegate>()?;println!("Mint Address: {}", mint.pubkey());println!("Destination Amount: {}",u64::from(destination_state.base.amount));println!("Permanent Delegate Extension: {:?}", permanent_delegate);Ok(())}
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